Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Ta có: \(a^2-b=b^2-c\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2=b-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=b-c\Rightarrow a+b=\frac{b-c}{a-b}\)
Tương tự CM được: \(b+c=\frac{c-a}{b-c}\) và \(c+a=\frac{a-b}{c-a}\)
Khi đó:
\(\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-b}{c-a}+1\right)\left(\frac{c-a}{b-c}+1\right)\left(\frac{b-c}{a-b}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{c-b}{c-a}\cdot\frac{b-a}{b-c}\cdot\frac{a-c}{a-b}=-1\)
Vì a2 - b = b2 - c = c2 - a
Ta có a2 - b = b2 - c
=> (a - b)(a + b) = b - c
=> a + b + 1 = \(\frac{a-c}{a-b}\)
Tương tự ta có : b + c + 1 = \(\frac{b-a}{b-c}\)
a + c + 1 =\(\frac{b-c}{a-c}\)
Khi đó (a + b + 1)(b + c + 1)(a + c + 1) = \(\frac{a-c}{a-b}.\frac{b-a}{b-c}.\frac{b-c}{a-c}=-1\)(đpcm)
Vì vai trò bình đẳng của các ẩn \(a,b,c\) là như nhau nên không mất tính tổng quát, ta có thể giả sử:
\(2\ge c>b>a\ge0\) \(\left(\alpha\right)\) (do \(a,b,c\) đôi một khác nhau nên cũng không đồng thời bằng nhau)
Áp dụng bđt \(AM-GM\) cho từng bộ số gồm có các số không âm, ta có:
\(\left(i\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]>0\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}.\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(ii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}.\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(c-b\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(iii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}>0;\) \(\frac{c-a}{16}>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c-a}{8}+\frac{c-a}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế ba bất đẳng thức \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\) , ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)+3-2\left(c-b\right)+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\)
nên \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}-\frac{9\left(c-a\right)}{4}=\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9\left(a-c\right)}{4}\)
Mặt khác, từ \(\left(\alpha\right)\) ta suy ra được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\2\ge c\end{cases}}\)
nên \(a+2\ge c\) hay nói cách khác \(a-c\ge-2\)
Do đó, \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9.\left(-2\right)}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=0\\b=1\\c=2\end{cases}}\) (thỏa mãn \(\left(\alpha\right)\) )
Vì vai trò bình đẳng của các ẩn \(a,b,c\) là như nhau nên không mất tính tổng quát, ta có thể giả sử:
\(2\ge c>b>a\ge0\) \(\left(\alpha\right)\) (do \(a,b,c\) đôi một khác nhau nên cũng không đồng thời bằng nhau)
Áp dụng bđt \(AM-GM\) cho từng bộ số gồm có các số không âm, ta có:
\(\left(i\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]>0\)\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]+\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}.\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[-\left(a-b\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\left(ii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}>0;\) \(\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]+\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}.\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]\left[-\left(b-c\right)\right]}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(c-b\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(iii\right)\) Với \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}>0;\) \(\frac{c-a}{16}>0\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c-a}{8}+\frac{c-a}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}.\frac{\left(c-a\right)}{8}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế ba bất đẳng thức \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\) , ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge3-2\left(b-a\right)+3-2\left(c-b\right)+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{c-a}{4}\)
nên \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}-\frac{9\left(c-a\right)}{4}=\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9\left(a-c\right)}{4}\)
Mặt khác, từ \(\left(\alpha\right)\) ta suy ra được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\2\ge c\end{cases}}\)
nên \(a+2\ge c\) hay nói cách khác \(a-c\ge-2\)
Do đó, \(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{27}{4}+\frac{9.\left(-2\right)}{4}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=0;b=1;c=2\) (thỏa mãn \(\left(\alpha\right)\) )
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{1}{y\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(b-c\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}-\frac{xz\left(a-c\right)}{yxz\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{xy\left(a-b\right)}{zxy\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(b-c\right)-xz\left(a-c\right)+xy\left(a-b\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)\(=\frac{yz\left(b-c\right)-xz\left[\left(b-c\right)+\left(a-b\right)\right]+xy\left(a-b\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(b-c\right)-xz\left(b-c\right)-xz\left(a-b\right)+xy\left(a-b\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)z\left(y-x\right)-\left(a-b\right)x\left(z-y\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)z\left(c+a-b-b-c+a\right)-\left(a-b\right)x\left(a+b-c-c-a+b\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)z\left(2a-2b\right)-\left(a-b\right)x\left(2b-2c\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)2z\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)2x\left(b-c\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(2z-2x\right)}{xyz\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(z-x\right)}{xyz\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{2\left(a+b-c-b-c+a\right)}{xyz\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(2a-2c\right)}{xyz\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{2.2\left(a-c\right)}{xyz\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{4}{xyz}\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{a-b}+\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)+\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
Xét:
\(\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{b\left(b-c\right)+a\left(c-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\right)\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left[\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}{ab}\right]=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{c\left(a+b-c\right)}{ab}=1-\dfrac{c.\left(-2c\right)}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^2}{ab}\) (do \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\))
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{a}{b-c}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2a^2}{bc}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c-a}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{2b^2}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\right)=3+\dfrac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)
Mặt khác ta có đằng thức quen thuộc:
Khi \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P=3+\dfrac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)
Lời giải:
Đổi \((\sqrt{a}, \sqrt{b}, \sqrt{c})=(x,y,z)\) thì bài toán trở thành
Cho $x,y,z$ thực dương phân biệt tm: $\frac{xy+1}{x}=\frac{yz+1}{y}=\frac{xz+1}{z}$
CMR: $xyz=1$
-----------------------------
Có:
$\frac{xy+1}{x}=\frac{yz+1}{y}=\frac{xz+1}{z}$
$\Leftrightarrow y+\frac{1}{x}=z+\frac{1}{y}=x+\frac{1}{z}$
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} y-z=\frac{x-y}{xy}\\ z-x=\frac{y-z}{yz}\\ x-y=\frac{z-x}{xz}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (y-z)(z-x)(x-y)=\frac{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
Mà $x,y,z$ đôi một phân biệt nên $(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)\neq 0$
$\Rightarrow 1=\frac{1}{x^2y^2z^2}$
$\Rightarrow x^2y^2z^2=1$
$\Rightarrow xyz=1$ (do $xyz>0$)
Ta có đpcm.
\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c;a+c=-b;b+c=-a\)
\(\frac{a+b}{a-b}\left(\frac{a-b}{a+b}+\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{c-a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{a+b}{a-b}\cdot\frac{a-b}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{a-b}\left(\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{c-a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{a+b}{a-b}\cdot\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=1+\frac{a+b}{a-b}\cdot\frac{bc+ab-c^2-ac+bc+c^2-ab-ac}{-a\cdot-b}\)
\(=1+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(2bc-2ac\right)}{\left(a-b\right)ab}=1+-\frac{2c\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)ab}=1+\frac{-2c\cdot-c}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}}\)thay vào biểu thức đã cho:
\(\frac{a+b}{a-b}\left(\frac{a-b}{a+b}+\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{c-a}{c+a}\right)\)\(=\frac{-c}{a-b}\left(\frac{a-b}{-c}+\frac{b-c}{-a}+\frac{c-a}{-b}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{-c\left(b-c\right)}{-a\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{-c\left(c-a\right)}{-b\left(a-b\right)}=1+\frac{c\left(b-c\right)}{a\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c\left(c-a\right)}{b\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=1+\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{ac\left(c-a\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=1+\frac{b^2c-bc^2+ac^2-a^2c}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=1+\frac{c\left(b^2-a^2\right)-\left(bc^2-ac^2\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=1+\frac{c\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^2\left(b-a\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=1+\frac{\left(b-a\right).\left[c\left(a+b\right)-c^2\right]}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=1+\frac{\left(a-b\right).\left[c^2-c\left(a+b\right)\right]}{ab\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=1+\frac{c^2-\left(-c\right).c}{ab}=1+\frac{c^2-\left(-c^2\right)}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}\)(đpcm).