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4.a
\(\dfrac{3x-y}{x+y}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-y\right).4=3\left(x+y\right)\\ \Rightarrow12x-4y=3x+3y\\ \Rightarrow12x-3x=4y+3y\\ \Rightarrow9x=7y\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{7}{9}\)
b)\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}\) và \(\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)và \(1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}=1 +\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)và \(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}\)và \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=0\)
và \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=0\)
+) Vì a,b,c đôi một khác 0
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
\(\rightarrow a+b=\left(-c\right)\)
\(\rightarrow a+c=\left(-b\right)\)
\(\rightarrow b+c=\left(-a\right)\)
+) Ta có:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{b}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{c+a}{c}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-c}{b}\cdot\dfrac{-a}{c}\cdot\dfrac{-b}{a}\)
\(=\left(-1\right)\)
Theo đề bài thì:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{c+a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)-a-b-c}{c+a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+a+b}=1\)
Nên: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c=c\\b+c-a=a\\c+a-b=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{b+c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c+a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{b+c-a+c+a-b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{c+a-b+a+b-c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a}{c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{2c}{a}.\dfrac{2a}{b}.\dfrac{2b}{c}=\dfrac{8ab}{abc}=8\)
Vậy \(P=8\)
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}+2=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}+2=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}+\dfrac{2c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{b}+\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}+\dfrac{2a}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c+b}{b}=\dfrac{b+c+a}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\) Thay \(M\) vào ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{\left(a+a\right)\left(a+a\right)\left(a+a\right)}{a.a.a}=\dfrac{2a.2a.2a}{a^3}=\dfrac{8a^3}{a^3}=8\)
Vậy .............
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Bài 1:
Áp dụng t.c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\\ =\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
TH1: $a+b+c=0$
Khi đó: \(a+b=-c; b+c=-a; c+a=-b\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{(-c)(-a)(-b)}{abc}=\frac{-abc}{abc}=-1\)
TH2: \(a+b+c\neq 0\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{a-b+c}{b}=\frac{-a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b-c+a-b+c-a+b+c}{c+b+a}=\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a+b-c=c\\ a-b+c=b\\ -a+b+c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b=2c; a+c=2b; b+c=2a\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2c.2a.2b}{abc}=\frac{8abc}{abc}=8\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{b}=\dfrac{-a+b+c}{a}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b-c+a-b+c-a+b+c}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=1\\\dfrac{a-b+c}{b}=1\\\dfrac{-a+b+c}{a}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b-c=c\\a-b+c=b\\-a+b+c=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2c\\a+c=2b\\b+c=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)(1)
Thay (1) vào M ta được
\(M=\dfrac{2c.2a.2b}{abc}=\dfrac{8abc}{abc}=8\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ đó, ta được:\(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(bk+dk\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left[k\left(b+d\right)\right]^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{k^3.\left(b+d\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=k^3\left(1\right)\) \(\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(bk-dk\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left[k\left(b-d\right)\right]^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=\dfrac{k^3.\left(b-d\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=k^3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}\)
Bài 2:
a)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = b = c
b)
\(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{z}{x}\)
=> x = y = z (theo a)
Thay x = y = z vào biểu thức, ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{x^{333}.x^{666}}{x^{999}}=1\)
c)
\(ac=b^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\)
\(ab=c^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay a = b = c vào biểu thức, ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{a^{333}}{a^{111}.a^{222}}=1\)
Có: \(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau , ta được:
\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{a+b-c+a+c-b+b+c-a}{c+b+a}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}\)
Xét: a + b + c = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)(1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{-c.\left(-a\right).\left(-b\right)}{abc}=-1\)
Xét a + b + c ≠ 0:
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{a+c-b}{b}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c}-1=\dfrac{a+c}{b}-1=\dfrac{b+c}{a}-1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a+c}{b}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2c\\a+c=2b\\b+c=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)(2)
Thay (2) vào A, ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{2c.2a.2b}{abc}=8\)
Vậy...