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Tính giá trị biểu thức
A= \(\left(4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+2x-2\right)^2+2020\) khi \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
$x=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}$
$2x=\sqrt{5}-1$
$2x+1=\sqrt{5}\Rightarrow (2x+1)^2=5$
$\Leftrightarrow 4x^2+4x-4=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1=0$
Khi đó:
\((4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+2x-2)^2\)
\(=[4x^3(x^2+x-1)-x^3+2x-2]^2\)
\(=(-x^3+2x-2)^2=[-x(x^2+x+1)+(x^2+x-1)-1]^2\)
\(=(-1)^2=1\)
Ta có:
x = \(\frac{1}{2}\)\(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)\(\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}{1}}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)(\(\sqrt{2}\)-1)
=> 2x = \(\sqrt{2}\)-1
=> (2x)2= ( \(\sqrt{2}\)-1)2
=> 4x2= 2-2\(\sqrt{2}\)+1
=> 4x2= -2( \(\sqrt{2}\)-1)+1
=> 4x2= -4x +1 => 4x2+4x-1=0
Lại có:
A1= (\(4x^5\)+\(4x^4\)- \(x^3\)+1)19
= [ x3( 4x2+4x-1) +1]19
=1
A2=( \(\sqrt{4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+5x+3}\))3
= (\(\sqrt{x^3\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)-x\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)+\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)+4}\))3
= 23=8
A3= \(\frac{1-\sqrt{2x}}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x}}\)
= \(\sqrt{2}\)- \(\sqrt{2}\)\(\sqrt{1-\sqrt{2}}\)
Cộng 3 số vào ta được A
Ta có \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}{2-1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}\Leftrightarrow2x+1=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2=2\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+1=2\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x-1=0\)
Ta lại có \(A=\left(4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+5x-2\right)^{2017}+2019=\left(4x^5+4x^4-x^3-4x^3-4x^2+x+4x^2+4x-1-1\right)^{2017}+2019=\left[x^3\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)-x\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)+\left(4x^2+4x-1\right)-1\right]^{2017}+2019=\left(x^3.0-x.0+0-1\right)^{2017}+2019=\left(-1\right)^{2017}+2019=-1+2019=2018\)
Vậy khi x=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}}\) thì A=2018
Ta có: B = \(\left(4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+2x-2\right)^2+2017\)
Đặt D = \(4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+2x=x\left(4x^4+4x^3-5x^2+2\right)\)
Thay \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\) vào D ta được:
D =
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}.\left[4\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\right)^4+4\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\right)^3-5\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\right)^2+2\right]\)
D=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\left[\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^4}{16}+\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^3}{8}-\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^2}{4}+2\right]\)
D = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^4}{4}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^3}{4}-\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{8}{4}\right]\)
D =
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{25-20\sqrt{5}+30-4\sqrt{5}+1+10\sqrt{5}-30+6\sqrt{5}-2-25+10\sqrt{5}-5+8}{4}\right)\)
D = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)}{4}\right)\) = \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)}{4}\) = \(1\)
=> B = \(\left(1-2\right)^2+2017\) = 2018
P/s: Haha!Đây là phương an toàn mà dễ lm nhất!~
có: \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\Leftrightarrow2x+1=\sqrt{5}\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+1=5\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x-4=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1=0\)\(B=\left[4x^3\left(x^2+x-1\right)-x\left(x^2+x-1\right)+\left(x^2+x-1\right)-1\right]^2+2017\)\(=1+2017=2018\)