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\(A=4x^2+12xy+9y^2\)
\(B=25x^2-10xy+y^2\)
\(C=8x^3+12x^2y^2+6xy^4+y^6\)
\(D=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2=x^4-\dfrac{4y^2}{25}\)
\(E=x^3-27y^3\)
\(F=x^6-27\)
\(P+Q=6\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+5x+y^3-3y^2+5y=6\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)+\left(y^3-3y^2+3y-1\right)+\left(2x-4+2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3+\left(y-1\right)^3+2\left(x+y-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1+y-1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2\right]+2\left(x+y-2\right)=0\)
\(\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\right]\left(x+y-2\right)=0\)
=> x+y-2=0 <=> x+y=2
( trong ngoặc là bình phương thiếu của hiệu. có dạng \(a^2-ab+b^2\) luôn >=0 => +2 vào thì luôn khác 0
a) x^2+2xy+y^2-16
=(x+y)2-16
=(x+y-4)(x+y+4)
b) 3x^2+5x-3xy-5y
=(3x2-3xy)+(5x-5y)
=3x(x-y)+5(x-y)
=(x-y)(3x+5)
c) 4x^2-6x^3y-2x^2+8x
ko bik hoặc sai đề
d) x^2-4-2xy+y^2
=(x-y)2-4
=(x-y+2)(x-y-2)
e) x^3-4x^2-12x+27
=sai đề
g) 3x^2-18x+27
=3(x2-6x+9)
=3(x-3)2
h) x^2-y^2-z^2-2yz
=x2-(y2+z2+2yx)
=x2-(y+z)2
=(x-y-z)(x+y+z)
k) 4x^2(x-6)+9y^2(6-x)
=4x2(x-6)-9y2(x-6)
=(x-6)(4x2-9y2)
=(x-6)(2x-3y)(2x+3y)
l)6xy+5x-5y-3x^2-3y^2
=(5x-5y)+(-3x2+6xy-3y2)
=5(x-y)-3(x2-2xy+y2)
=5(x-y)-3(x-y)2
=(x-y)(5-3(x-y))
=(x-y)(5-3x+3y)
a) Ta có:
M = 3x(x - 5y) + (y - 5x)(-3y) - 3(x2 - y2) - 1
M = 3x2 - 15xy - 3y2 + 15xy - 3x2 + 3y2 - 1
M = (3x2 - 3x2) - (15xy - 15xy) - (3y2 - 3y2) - 1
M = -1
=> Biểu thức M có giá trị ko phụ thuộc vào biến x,y
b) Ta có: S = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5
x.S = x(1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5)
x.S = x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6
xS - S = (x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6) - (1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5)
xS - S = x6 - 1 => đpcm
a) M = 3x(x - 5y) + (y - 5x)(-3y) - 3(x2 - y2) - 1
M = 3x.x + 3x.(-5y) + y.(-3y) + (-5x).(-3y) + (-3).x2 + (-3).x2 + (-3).(-y2) - 1
M = 3x2 - 15xy - 3y2 + 15xy - 3x2 + 3y2 - 1
M = (3x2 - 3x2) + (-15xy + 15xy) + (-3y2 + 3y2) - 1
M = 0 + 0 - 1
M = -1
Vậy: biểu thức không phụ thuộc vào x và y
a) \(-x-y^2+x^2-y\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right).1\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)
b) \(x\left(x+y\right)-5x-5y\)
\(=x\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
c) \(x^2-5x+5y-y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
d) \(5x^3-5x^2y-10x^2+10xy\)
\(=5x\left(x^2-xy-2x+2y\right)\)
\(=5x\left[x\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\right]\)
\(=5x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
e) \(27x^3-8y^3\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)\left[\left(3x\right)^2+3x2y+\left(2y\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)\left(9x^2+6xy+4y^2\right)\)
f) \(x^2-y^2-x-y\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-1\right)\)
g) \(x^2-y^2-2xy+y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-y^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x-y-y\right)\left(x-y+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y^2\right)x\)
h) \(x^2-y^2+4-4x\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2.2x+2^2\right)-y^2\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x-2-y\right)\left(x-2+y\right)\)
i) \(x^6-y^6\)
\(=\left(x^3\right)^2-\left(y^3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
ChươngII *Dạng toán rútg gọn phân thức
Bài 1.Rút gọn phân thức
a. \(\dfrac{3x\left(1-x\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{-3x\left(x-1\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}=-\dfrac{3x}{2}\)
b.\(\dfrac{6x^2y^2}{8xy^5}=\dfrac{3x.2xy^2}{4y^3.2xy^2}=\dfrac{3x}{4y^3}\)
c.\(\dfrac{23\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)^2}{6\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{23\left(x-z\right)}{6}\)
Bài 2 rút gọn các phân thức sau:
a.\(\dfrac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}{-x\left(x-4\right)}=-\dfrac{x+4}{x}\)(x khác 0,x khác 4)
b.\(\dfrac{x^2+4x+3}{2x+6}=\dfrac{x^2+3x+x+3}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\)
( x \(\ne-3\) )
c.\(\dfrac{15x\left(x+y\right)^3}{5y\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{3x\left(x+y\right)}{y}\) (y+(x+y) khác 0)
d. \(\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)-3\left(y-x\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{8\left(x-y\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
(x khác y)
e.\(\dfrac{2x+2y+5x+5y}{2x+2y-5x-5y}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)+5\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{7\left(x+y\right)}{-3\left(x+y\right)}=-\dfrac{7}{3}\)
(x khác -y)
f.\(\dfrac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{3y\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x}{3y}\)(x khác y,y khác 0)
g.\(\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}=\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{-5b\left(x^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{-5b\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{-5b\left(x+1\right)}\)
\ (b khác 0,x khác +-1)
h. \(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4x}{5x^2}\)
(x khác 0,x khác y)
i.\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
(x+y+z khác 0)
k.\(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}=\dfrac{\left(x^3\right)^2+2x^3y^3+\left(y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)
(x khác 0,x khác +-y)
Ta có: \(a=x^3-3x^2+5x\)
\(< =>a=\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)+2x+1\)
\(< =>a=\left(x-1\right)^3+2x+1\)
Tương tự: \(b=\left(y-1\right)^3+2y+1\)
Do đó: \(a+b=\left(x-1\right)^3+\left(y-1\right)^3+2x+2y+2=6\)
\(< =>\left(x-1\right)^3+\left(y-1\right)^3+2x+2y-4=0\)
\(< =>\left(x-1\right)^3+\left(y-1\right)^3+2.\left(x-1\right)+2.\left(y-1\right)=0\)
Đặt x-1=c, y-1=d
\(=>c^3+d^3+2c+2d=0\)
\(< =>\left(c+d\right).\left(c^2-cd+d^2\right)+2\left(c+d\right)=0\)
\(< =>\left(c+d\right).\left(c^2-cd+d^2+2\right)=0\)
Vì \(c^2-cd+d^2+2>0< =>c^2-cd+d^2+2\ne0\)
<=>c+d=0
<=>x-1+y-1=0
<=>x+y=2
Vậy x+y=2