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`1/a+1/b+1/c=1/(a+b+c)`
`<=>(a+b)/(ab)+(a+b)/(c(a+b+c))=0`
`<=>(a+b)(ab+ac+bc+c^2)=0`
`<=>(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)=0`
`=>` $\left[ \begin{array}{l}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{array} \right.$
`=>` PT luôn tồn tại 2 số đối nhau
a) Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab=c\left(a+b\right)\)
Ta có : ab \(⋮\) ( a + b )
Nếu a + b là số nguyên tố thì a \(⋮\left(a+b\right)\) hoặc b \(⋮\) ( a + b )
\(\Rightarrow\) a > a + b hoặc b > a + b ( vì a , b \(\in\) N* ) ( Điều này là vô lí )
Như vậy a + b không thể là số nguyên tố
b) Ta có : (a + c ) ( b + c ) = ab + ac + bc + c2 = ab + ( a + b ) c + c2
= 2( a + b )c + c2 = c ( 2a + 2b + c )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)⋮c\) ( 1 )
Nếu a + c và b + c đồng thời là số nguyên tố
Mà a + c > c , b + c > c . Do đó : ( a + c ) ( b + c ) \(⋮̸\) c ( 2 )
( 1 ) và ( 2 ) mâu thuẫn với nhau
Như vậy a + c và b + c không đồng thời là số nguyên tố
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a+b)[c(a+b+c)+ab]}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)
Xét : \(A=\frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}-\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
\(A=\frac{a^n+b^n}{a^nb^n}+\frac{a^n+b^n}{c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)
\(A=(a^n+b^n)\left(\frac{1}{a^nb^n}+\frac{1}{c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{(a^n+b^n)[c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)+a^nb^n]}{a^nb^nc^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)
\(A=\frac{(a^n+b^n)(b^n+c^n)(c^n+a^n)}{a^nb^nc^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)
Vì $n$ lẻ nên :
\((a^n+b^n)(b^n+c^n)(c^n+a^n)=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)(a^{n-1}+....+b^{n-1})(b^{n-1}+..+c^{n-1})(c^{n-1}+...+a^{n-1})\)
\(=0\) do \((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)
Do đó: \(A=0\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac< ba+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a< b\)(đúng)
a)Áp dụng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+a+b}=1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=> đpcm
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\Rightarrow ac< bc\Rightarrow ac+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}< \dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)a) ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\)
\(\left(a^2-bc\right)\left(b-abc\right)=\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(a-abc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2c^2-a^3bc-b^2c=b^2a+a^2bc^2-ca^2-ab^3c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b-ab^2-b^2c+ca^2=a^2bc^2-ab^3c+a^3bc-ab^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=abc\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
+) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Biến đổi `:`
`a/b > ( a + c )/( b + c )`
`<=> a( b + c ) > b( a + c )`
`<=> ab + ac > ab + bc`
`<=> ab+ac-ab>ab+bc-ab`
`<=> ac>bc`
`<=> ( ac )/( bc ) = a/b > 1` `(` luôn đúng `)`
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)};\dfrac{a+c}{b+c}=\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{ab}{b\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{b\left(b+c\right)}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}>1,\) suy ra \(a>b\) nên ac > bc. Do đó, \(\dfrac{ac}{b\left(b+c\right)}>\dfrac{bc}{b\left(b+c\right)}\), suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)