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Đặt \(\left(a,b,c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y},\dfrac{y}{z},\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
BĐT cần c/m tương đương với
\(\sum\dfrac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{xy+xz}{xy+xz+2yz}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Ta có \(\sum\dfrac{xy+xz}{xy+xz+2yz}\ge\dfrac{\left(2\sum xy\right)^2}{\sum\left(xy+xz+2yz\right)\left(xy+xz\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(\sum xy\right)^2}{2\sum x^2y^2+6\sum x^2yz}\)
Như vậy ta cần c/m \(\dfrac{4\left(\sum xy\right)^2}{2\sum x^2y^2+6\sum x^2yz}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(\sum xy\right)^2\ge6\sum x^2y^2+18\sum x^2yz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(\sum xy\right)^2\ge6\left(\sum xy\right)^2+6\sum x^2yz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sum xy\right)^2\ge3\sum x^2yz\) (luôn đúng)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{ab+a+2}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{a+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{c}{1+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a+1}{a+1}+\dfrac{b+1}{b+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Lời giải:
a)
Sử dụng pp biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2+2}{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab+1)(a^2+b^2+2)\geq 2(a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a^2+b^2)+2ab\geq 2a^2b^2+a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a^2+b^2-2ab)-(a^2+b^2-2ab)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a-b)^2-(a-b)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab-1)(a-b)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi $ab\geq 1$)
Ta có đpcm.
b) Áp dụng công thức của phần a ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^4+1}+\frac{1}{b^4+1}\geq \frac{2}{1+(ab)^2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng công thức phần a: \(\frac{1}{1+(ab)^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^4}\geq \frac{2}{1+ab^3}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^4+1}+\frac{3}{b^4+1}\geq \frac{4}{1+ab^3}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b^4+1}+\frac{3}{c^4+1}\geq \frac{4}{1+bc^3}; \frac{1}{c^4+1}+\frac{3}{a^4+1}\geq \frac{4}{1+ca^3}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên thu được:
\(4\left(\frac{1}{a^4+1}+\frac{1}{b^4+1}+\frac{1}{c^4+1}\right)\geq 4\left(\frac{1}{1+ab^3}+\frac{1}{1+bc^3}+\frac{1}{1+ca^3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a^4+1}+\frac{1}{b^4+1}+\frac{1}{c^4+1}\geq \frac{1}{1+ab^3}+\frac{1}{1+bc^3}+\frac{1}{1+ca^3}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Lời giải:
\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ac+abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+ab+1)+c+bc+ac+abc=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+ab+1)+c(1+b+a+ab)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(b+1)+c(a+1)(b+1)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=1\)
Đặt \((a+1,b+1,c+1)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=(x-1,y-1,z-1)\) và \(xyz=1\)
Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{1}{3+2(x-1)+y-1+(x-1)(y-1)}+\frac{1}{3+2(y-1)+z-1+(y-1)(z-1)}+\frac{1}{3+2(z-1)+x-1+(x-1)(z-1)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x+xy+1}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{1}{z+xz+1}\)
\(=\frac{yz}{xyz+xy.yz+yz}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{y}{zy+xz.y+y}\)
\(=\frac{yz}{1+y+yz}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{y}{yz+1+y}=\frac{yz+1+y}{yz+1+y}=1\)
Ta có đpcm.
Vì abc=1 nên tồn tại x,y,z sao cho \(a=\dfrac{x}{y};b=\dfrac{y}{z};c=\dfrac{z}{x}\)
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{a}{ab+1}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{y}}{\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{z}+1}=\sum\dfrac{xz}{xy+yz}\)
Đổi \(\left(xy;yz;zx\right)=\left(m,n,p\right)\)thì \(VT=\sum\dfrac{m}{n+p}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(BĐT-Nesbit\right)\)( đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi m=n=p hay x=y=z hay a=b=c=1.
Đề đung đúng :D
\(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ca}+\dfrac{c}{ab}\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\ge2\left(\dfrac{ab+bc-ca}{abc}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(ab+bc-ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc+2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c+a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Ta có \(\sum\limits^{ }_{sym}\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{1+ab}}=\sum\limits^{ }_{sym}\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(a^4+b^4\right)}{2+2ab}}\ge\sum\limits^{ }_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2+2ab}}+\sum\limits^{ }_{cyc}\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2+2ab}}\)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM ta có:
\(\sum\limits^{ }_{cyc}\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2+2ab}}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Cộng hai bất đẳng thức ta được:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{1+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+c^4}{1+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^4+a^4}{1+ac}}\ge3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Có BĐT: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Ta có:
\(VT=\)\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1+1+c^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{1+1+a^2}{\left(b^2+c^2+1\right)\left(1+1+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{1+1+b^2}{\left(c^2+a^2+1\right)\left(1+1+b^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski cho mẫu số, ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(1+1+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\left(b^2+c^2+1\right)\left(1+1+a^2\right)\ge\left(b+c+a\right)^2\)
\(\left(c^2+a^2+1\right)\left(1+1+b^2\right)\ge\left(c+a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1+1+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{1+1+a^2}{\left(b+c+a\right)^2}+\dfrac{1+1+b^2}{\left(c+a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{6+ab+bc+ca}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{6+3}{3.3}=1\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{a}{a+ab+abc}+\dfrac{1}{abc+ac+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{a}{1+a+ab}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(1+a+ab\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac+c+1}{c\left(1+a+ab\right)}=\dfrac{c\left(a+1+ab\right)}{c\left(1+a+ab\right)}=1\)
Ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{abc}{ab+b+abc}+\dfrac{abc}{bc+c+abc}+\dfrac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{abc}{b\left(ac+a+1\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{c\left(ab+b+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{ac+a+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac}{ac+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{ac+a+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac+1}{ac+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+b+abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{ac+1}{ac+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{b\left(ac+a+1\right)}=\dfrac{ac+a+1}{ac+a+1}=1\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{abc}{bc+c+abc}+\dfrac{b}{abc+ab+b}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{abc}{c\left(ab+b+1\right)}+\dfrac{b}{ab+b+1}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{ab}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{ab+b+1}\)
=\(\dfrac{ab+b+1}{ab+b+1}\)=1
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{ca+a+1}\)=1(abc=1)
(đpcm)