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\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9\)
Ap dung BDT AM-GM ta co:
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{abc}+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{abc}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{abc}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=9\)
=> dpcm
a) đề bị sai , nếu giữ nguyên như kia thì phải thêm ĐK a+b+c=3
b) Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức cauchy cho 3 số:
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)(1)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)(2)
cộng theo vế (1) và (2): \(3\ge\frac{3+3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)(đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
1. BĐT ban đầu
<=> \(\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{b}{a+3b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{c}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{a}{c+3a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
<=>\(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ac}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki dang phân thức
=> BĐT cần CM
<=> \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)luôn đúng
=> BĐT được CM
2) \(a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c-3\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c\ge3\)
ko mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Có: \(3\le a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le3a^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(3a^2\ge3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a\ge1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a+b}+\frac{1}{1+b+c}+\frac{1}{1+c+a}\le\frac{3}{1+2a}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có :
\(a^2+b^2+c^2-2bc-2ca+2ab\)
\(=\left(a+b-c\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2bc-2ca+2ab\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2bc+2ca-2ab\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a+b=c\)
Mà \(\frac{5}{3}< \frac{6}{3}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\)
\(\Rightarrow2bc+2ac-2ab\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\)
\(\Rightarrow2bc+2ac-2ab< 2\)
Do a ,b , c > 0
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2bc+2ac-2ab}{2abc}< \frac{2}{2abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2bc}{2abc}+\frac{2ac}{2abc}-\frac{2ab}{2abc}< \frac{2}{2abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}< \frac{1}{abc}\)
Vậy ...
Ta có:\(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\ge0\)(với a,b,c > 0)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
<=> \(bc+ac-ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=\frac{5}{6}< 1\)
Chia 2 vế của bđt cho abc >0 ta dc
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}< \frac{1}{abc}\)
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=\frac{\left(a+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)-b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\)
\(\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}=a+1-\frac{ab+a}{2}\)
Thiết lập các bất đẳng thức tương tự rồi cộng lại ta được:
\(LHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+3}{2}\ge6-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+3}{2}=3=RHS\)
Từ giả thiết ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=1\)
\(\frac{3}{ab+bc+ac}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+c}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}+6\)
\(\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=2+\frac{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cosi cho 2 số dương ta có:
\(\frac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge6+2+2\sqrt{\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}=8+2\sqrt{12}\)
\(>8+2\sqrt{9}=14\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(a^2=x;b^2=y;c^2=z\)
Ta có:\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}}\le\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{4x\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\frac{3\left(x+z\right)}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[\frac{4x\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{3\left(x+z\right)}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự với \(\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}}\)và \(\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}}\)
Cộng lại ta được:
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\left[\frac{x\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right]+\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\le\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Sau đó bình phương hai vế rồi
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge8xyz\)đẳng thức đúng
Vậy...
Bài 2:
Trước hết ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau:
\(\frac{a}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{b}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{c}{4c+4a+b}\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Nhân cả hai vế bđt với 4(a+b+c)4(a+b+c) rồi thu gọn ta được bđt sau:
\(\frac{4a\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{4b\left(a+b+c\right)}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{4c\left(a+b+c\right)}{4c+4a+b}\)\(\le\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left[\frac{4a\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+4b+}-a\right]+\left[\frac{4b\left(a+b+c\right)}{4b+4c+a}-b\right]+\left[\frac{4c\left(a+b+c\right)}{4c+4a+b}-c\right]\le\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{ab}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{bc}{4c+4a+b}\le\frac{a+b+c}{9}\)
Áp dụng bđt cauchy-Schwarz ta có \(\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}=\frac{ca}{\left(2b+c\right)+2\left(2a+b\right)}\)\(\le\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{2}{2a+b}\right)\)
Từ đó ta có:
\(\text{∑}\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\text{∑}\left(\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\frac{2ca}{2a+b}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\text{ ∑}\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\text{ ∑}\frac{2ca}{2a+b}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\text{ ∑}\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\text{ ∑}\frac{2ab}{2b+c}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{9}\)
Đặt VT=A rồi áp dụng bđt cauchy-Schwarz cho VT ta có
\(T^2\le3\left(\frac{a}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{b}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{c}{4c+4a+b}\right)\)\(\le3\cdot\frac{1}{3}=1\Leftrightarrow T\le1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
c bạn tự làm nhé mình mệt rồi :D
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)