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1) ta có: a(b^2 -1)(c^2 -1)+b(a^2 -1)(c^2 -1)+c(a^2-1)(b^2-1)
=(ab^2 -a)(c^2-1)+(ba^2 -b)(c^2-1)+(ca^2-c)(b^2-1)
đén đây nhân bung ra hết rồi rút gọn và thay a+b+c=abc là đc
\(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\\ =\left(ab^2-a\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+\left(a^2b-b\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+\left(a^2c-c\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\\ =ab^2c^2-ab^2-ac^2+a+a^2bc^2-a^2b-bc^2+b+a^2b^2c-a^2c-b^2c+c\\ =abc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-\left(a^2b+ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+a^2c+b^2c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\\ =abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc-\left[\left(a^2b+ab^2+abc\right)+\left(b^2c+bc^2+abc\right)+\left(a^2c+ac^2+abc\right)\right]\\ =abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+abc+3abc-\left[ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ac\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\\ =4abc+abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\\ =4abc+abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=4abc\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)-\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+c^3=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^3+\dfrac{1}{c^3}-\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)-\dfrac{3}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{c}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)-\dfrac{3}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đề bài thiếu, cần thêm dữ liệu "a;b;c phân biệt"
Khi đó \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(a(b^2-1)(c^2-1)+b(a^2-1)(c^2-1)+c(a^2-1)(b^2-1)\)
\(=a(b^2c^2-b^2-c^2+1)+b(a^2c^2-a^2-c^2+1)+c(a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1)\)
\(=(ab^2c^2+ba^2c^2+ca^2b^2)+(a+b+c)-[a(b^2+c^2)+b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)]\)
\(=abc(ab+bc+ac)+abc-[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)]\)
\(=abc(ab+bc+ca)+4abc-[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)]\)
\(=abc(ab+bc+ca)+4abc-(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(=abc(ab+bc+ca)+4abc-abc(ab+bc+ac)=4abc\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 3:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)
