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Ta có: \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^2c^2-b^2-c^2+1\right)+b\left(a^2c^2-a^2-c^2+1\right)\)
\(+c\left(a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\right)\)
\(=ab^2c^2-ab^2-ac^2+a+ba^2c^2-a^2b-bc^2+b\)
\(+ca^2b^2-a^2c-b^2c+c\)
\(=\left(ab^2c^2+ba^2c^2+ca^2b^2\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(-\left(ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2+a^2c+b^2c\right)\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\right]\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ca\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+abc+3abc\)\(-abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=4abc\)
Vậy \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)=4abc\)(đpcm)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi, ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)Do đó, để chứng minh bất đẳng thức đã cho, ta chỉ cần chứng minh rằng:
\(\frac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\le\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi lần thứ hai ta nhận được:
\(VT=\frac{\sqrt{a}\sqrt{a\left(1+b+c\right)}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{b\left(1+c+a\right)}+\sqrt{c}\sqrt{c\left(1+a+b\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left[a\left(1+b+c\right)+b\left(1+c+a\right)+c\left(1+a+b\right)\right]}}{a+b+c}\)
\(=\sqrt{1+\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{a+b+c}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{1+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{1+\frac{2\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}{3}}=\sqrt{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 1.
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\\ \Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Lại có: \(a+b+c=3\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1^{2016}+1^{2015}+1^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)
a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên a+b=-c
Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)
\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)
\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)
\(=2bc\)
Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)
\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)
\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)
\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)
\(=2ac\)
Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)
\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)
\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)
\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)
\(=2ab\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được:
\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)