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Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{c^2}{2ab^2c^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{2bc^2a^2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2ca^2b^2+b^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\text{VT}(2ab^2c^2+c^2+2bc^2a^2+a^2+2ca^2b^2+b^2)\geq (c+a+b)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2abc(ab+bc+ac)+a^2+b^2+c^2}(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Am-GM:
\(3=a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow abc\leq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow 2abc(ab+bc+ac)\leq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2abc(ab+bc+ac)+a^2+b^2+c^2}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(ab+bc+ac)+a^2+b^2+c^2}=1(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 1\)
Ta có đpcm. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Cách khác bằng AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}=3-\left(\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\right)(1)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}=\frac{2ab^2}{ab^2+ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{bc^2+bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{ca^2+ca^2+1}\)
\(\leq \frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}+\frac{2bc^2}{3\sqrt[3]{b^2c^4}}+\frac{2ca^2}{3\sqrt[3]{c^2a^4}}=\frac{2}{3}(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}+\sqrt[3]{bc^2}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2})\)
\(\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)=\frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)=2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 3-2=1\) (đpcm)
Cách : AM - GM :
\(VT=3-\left(\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM :
\(\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}=\frac{2ab^2}{ab^2+ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{bc^2+bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{ca^2+ca^2+1}\)
\(\le\frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}+\frac{2bc^2}{3\sqrt[3]{b^2c^4}}+\frac{2ca^2}{3\sqrt[3]{c^aa^4}}=\frac{2}{3}\left(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}+\sqrt[3]{bc^2}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)=\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow VT\ge3-2=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Sử dụng giả thiết a + b + c = 3, ta được: \(\frac{a^3}{3a-ab-ca+2bc}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b+c\right)a-ab-ca+2bc}\)\(=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{b^3}{3b-bc-ab+2ca}=\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}\); \(\frac{c^3}{3c-ca-bc+2ab}=\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}\)
Khi đó thì \(P=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{2abc}{a^2+2bc}-\frac{2abc}{b^2+2ca}-\frac{2abc}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)\(=3+abc\left[3-2\left(\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\right)\right]\)\(\le3+abc\left[3-2.\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)(Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)\(=3+abc\left[3-2.\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]\le3+\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3=4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
1. BĐT ban đầu
<=> \(\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{b}{a+3b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{c}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{a}{c+3a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
<=>\(\frac{a}{a+3b}+\frac{b}{b+3c}+\frac{c}{c+3a}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+3ac}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki dang phân thức
=> BĐT cần CM
<=> \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)luôn đúng
=> BĐT được CM
2) \(a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c-3\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a+b+c\ge3\)
ko mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Có: \(3\le a+b+c\le ab+bc+ca\le3a^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(3a^2\ge3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a\ge1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{1+a+b}+\frac{1}{1+b+c}+\frac{1}{1+c+a}\le\frac{3}{1+2a}\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=1\)