Question

[Đông Sơn Lê]

cho a,b,c là số hữu tỉ thỏa mãn ab+ac+bc=1
chứng minh: \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\) là số hữu tỉ

Answer 1

[Lê Song Phương]

We subtitute \(ab+bc+ca=1\) into \(a^2+1\). We have: \(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\)\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)

Similarly, we have \(b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\) and \(c^2+1=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

From these, we have \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)\(=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\)

Thus, we must have \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)\(=\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right|\)

Because both \(a,b,c\) are rational numbers, \(\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right|\) must be a rational number. Therefore, \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\) is also a rational number.

Answer 2

[Trần Tuấn Hoàng]

\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left[a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)\right]\left[c\left(c+a\right)+b\left(c+a\right)\right]}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}=\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right|\)

Do \(a,b,c\) là các số hữu tỉ nên \(\left|\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right|\) là số hữu tỉ.

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)