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Đặt: \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{z}.\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{1+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{1+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{1+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{z+x}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(1+1+1\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 2:
Ta cóB=\(\frac{8}{a^3b^3c^3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô-si, ta có
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{abc}\le6\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{abc}\le2\Rightarrow abc\le8\Rightarrow a^3b^3c^3\le512\)
=>\(\frac{8}{a^3b^3c^3}\ge\frac{8}{512}=\frac{1}{64}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=>a=b=c=2
^_^
Bài 1:,
Đặt ..=A
Ta có \(A=\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
Đặt \(a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z\) =>x+y+z=2
Ta có A=\(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{zx}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô-si, ta có \(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy^2z}{zx}}=2y\)
Tương tự thì 2A\(\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)=4\Rightarrow A\ge2\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=>a=b=c=1/3
^_^
ap dung bdt \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}\left[\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}^2\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{2}{\left(a+c^2\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)\(+\frac{2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
ap dung \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\) voi a+b=x, b+c=y, c+a=z
\(16P\le\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
tiếp tục áp dụng bdt ban đầu \(\frac{4}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le4.16.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow16P\le\frac{1}{4}.16\left[\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2\right]\)
=\(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}\right)\)
tiep tuc ap dung bo de thu 2 ta co
\(16P\le\frac{1}{4}.4\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow p\le\frac{3}{16}\)dau =khi a=b=c=1
Bài 4: Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta có: \(P=\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{b^3+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}a.\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab^2+2a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)Giả sử b là số nằm giữa a và c thì \(\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2+ac\le ab+bc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc+bc^2\le a^2b+2abc+bc^2=b\left(a+c\right)^2=b\left(3-b\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(b\left(3-b\right)^2\le4\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(b-1\right)^2\le0\)(đúng với mọi \(b\in[0;3]\))
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\le\frac{1}{2}.4+3=5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 1; c = 0 và các hoán vị
Bài 1: Đặt \(a=xc,b=yc\left(x,y>0\right)\)thì điều kiện giả thiết trở thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x}{y+3}+\frac{y}{x+3}+\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2+y^2+3\left(x+y\right)}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2xy}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)
Có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\Rightarrow xy=3-\left(x+y\right)\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\left(0< t< 3\right)\Rightarrow xy=3-t\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{t^2}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge2\)(do t > 0)
Lúc đó \(P=\frac{t^2+3t-2\left(3-t\right)}{3-t+3t+9}+\frac{3-t}{t}=\frac{t}{2}+\frac{3}{t}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{t}{2}.\frac{3}{t}}-\frac{3}{2}=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)với \(2\le t< 3\)
Vậy \(MinP=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)đạt được khi \(t=\sqrt{6}\)hay (x; y) là nghiệm của hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{6}\\xy=3-\sqrt{6}\end{cases}}\)
Ta lại có \(P=\frac{t^2-3t+6}{2t}=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(t-3\right)}{2t}+1\le1\)(do \(2\le t< 3\))
Vậy \(MaxP=1\)đạt được khi t = 2 hay x = y = 1
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz và Cauchy ta có:
\(P=\frac{1}{a^2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)+a^2\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+a^2\cdot\frac{9}{b^2+c^2}\) (Cauchy - Schwarz)
\(=\left(\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)+8\cdot\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}\cdot\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}}+8\cdot\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\) (BĐT Cauchy)
\(=2+8=10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b\sqrt{2}=c\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy Min(P) = 10 khi \(a=b\sqrt{2}=c\sqrt{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{a-1}+\frac{1}{b-1}+\frac{1}{c-1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a-1}=\left(1-\frac{1}{b-1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{c-1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a-1}=\frac{b-2}{b-1}+\frac{c-2}{c-1}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có : \(\frac{1}{a-1}=\frac{b-2}{b-1}+\frac{c-2}{c-1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b-2}{b-1}.\frac{c-2}{c-1}}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{b-1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a-2}{a-1}.\frac{c-2}{c-1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{c-1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b-2}{b-1}.\frac{a-2}{a-1}}\)
Nhân các BĐT theo vế :
\(\frac{1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}\ge\frac{8\left(a-2\right)\left(b-2\right)\left(c-2\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(a-2\right)\left(b-2\right)\left(c-2\right)\le1\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(b-2\right)\left(c-2\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy maxH = 1/8 <=> a = b = c = 5/2
\(A=\frac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Đặt: \(ab=x;bc=y;ac=z\)=> xyz = 1; x,y,z>0
\(A=\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+x}+\frac{x}{z+y}=\frac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\frac{z^2}{yz+xz}+\frac{x^2}{zx+xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+xz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z= 1 => a = b = c = 1
Vậy gtnn của A = 3/2 tại a = b = c = 1
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+b+1}=\left(1-\frac{1}{b+c+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{c+a+1}\right)=\frac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\frac{c+a}{c+a+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{b+c+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+a+1\right)\left(a+b+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)}}\)
Nhân từng vế ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+b+1}.\frac{1}{b+c+1}.\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge\frac{8\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)