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gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
\(A=\frac{a}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{3+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+bc+ca+ab}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ca+ab+bc}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\cdot\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}\cdot\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{c}\cdot\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c+a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b+c}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{c+a}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{c+b}}\)
\(\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}}{2}+\frac{\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}}{2}+\frac{\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Max A = 3/2 khi a = b = c = 1. (Max not Min)
\(1,\hept{\begin{cases}10x^2+5y^2-2xy-38x-6y+41=0\left(1\right)\\3x^2-2y^2+5xy-17x-6y+20=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Giải (1) : \(10x^2+5y^2-2xy-38x-6y+41=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10x^2-2x\left(y+19\right)+5y^2-6y+41=0\)
Coi pt trên là pt bậc 2 ẩn x
Có \(\Delta'=\left(y+19\right)^2-50y^2+60y-410\)
\(=-49y^2+98y-49\)
\(=-49\left(y-1\right)^2\)
pt có nghiệm \(\Leftrightarrow\Delta'\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-49\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=1\)
Thế vào pt (2) được x = 2
\(2,\)Đặt\(\left(a\sqrt{a};b\sqrt{b};c\sqrt{c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x^4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{z^4}{x^2+z^2}\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\left(x;y;z>0\right)\left(Cauchy-engel-type_3\right)\)được
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt x2 + y2 + z2 > xy + yz + zx (tự chứng minh) ta được
\(P\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}xy+yz+zx=1\\x=y=z\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^3}=\sqrt{b^3}=\sqrt{c^3}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3=b^3=c^3=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
Để ý: \(ab+bc+ca=\frac{\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\right]}{2}\).
Do đó đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=x>0;a+b+c=y>0\). Bài toán được viết lại thành:
Cho \(y^2+5x=24\), tìm max:
\(P=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y^2-x}{2}=\frac{5x}{5y}+\frac{y^2-x}{2}\)
\(=\frac{24-y^2}{5y}+\frac{y^2-\frac{24-y^2}{5}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{24-y^2}{5y}+\frac{3\left(y^2-4\right)}{5}\)\(=\frac{3y^3-y^2-12y+24}{5y}\)
Đặt \(y=t\). Dễ thấy \(12=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3t^2-5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Và dễ dàng chứng minh \(ab+bc+ca\le3\)
Suy ra \(3t^2=12+5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le27\Rightarrow t\le3\). Mặt khác do a, b, c>0 do đó \(0< t\le3\).
Ta cần tìm Max P với \(P=\frac{3t^3-t^2-12t+24}{5t}\)và \(0< t\le3\)
Ta thấy khi t tăng thì P tăng. Do đó P đạt giá trị lớn nhất khi t lớn nhất.
Khi đó P = 3. Vậy...
Áp dụng bđt Holder, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right).\left(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}}\right)\left[a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+b^2c^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+c^2a^2\left(c^2+a^2\right)\right]\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^3=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{8}\)
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{a^2b^4+a^4b^2+b^2c^4+b^4c^2+c^2a^4+c^4a^2}\)
Đặt a2=x, b2=y, c2=z
=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{8}.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\)(1)
Theo bđt Schur, ta có:
\(x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)+z\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\ge0\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\)
<=>\(x^3+y^3+z^3+6xyz+3\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\ge4.\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)+3xyz\)
Vì \(xyz=\left(abc\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3\ge4\left(x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2\right)\)
=>\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{x^2y+xy^2+y^2z+y^2z+z^2x+zx^2}\ge4\)
Thay vào (1)=>\(VT^2\ge\frac{1}{2}=>VT\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
=>ĐPCM
a,b,c>=0 mới được nhé
Đặt biểu thức là A
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2}>=\frac{\sqrt{2abab}}{a^2}=\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi có một trong 2 số a,b =0 hoặc a=b.
Tương tự=> A>=\(\frac{\sqrt{2}ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}ca}{a^2+c^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A>=\frac{2ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{2bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{2ca}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\sqrt{2}A+3>=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{c^2+a^2}.\)
>=\(\frac{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=4.\)
=>A>=1/căn 2
Dấu = xảy ra khi 2 số bằng nhau, một số =0
Ta có :
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)-ab}{a+b}=a-\frac{ab}{a+b}\text{≥}a-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^2}{b+c}\text{≥}b-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^2}{c+a}\text{≥}c-\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1);(2)(;(3) lại ta được :
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+c}\text{≥}a+b+c-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\text{≥}\left(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)\)
Lại lại có : \(a+b+c\text{≥}\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\) (tự chứng minh)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ab}\text{≥}0\)
Nên \(A\text{≥}\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)có GTNN là 1/2
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)=a+b+c=2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 673
Ta có: a2-ab+b2 = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)(a+b)2+3(a-b)2\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)(a+b)2
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)(a+b)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b
CMTT ta có: \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)(b+c) \(\Leftrightarrow\) b=c
\(\sqrt{c^2-ca+c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)\Leftrightarrow\)c=a
\(\Rightarrow\) P\(\ge\) \(\dfrac{1}{2}2\left(a+b+c\right)\)= 2019
Vậy Pmin = 2019
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\)a=b=c=673