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Sửa đề : \(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+a}\le1\\ \) (*)
\(< =>\dfrac{a^2\left(b^2+a\right)+b^2\left(a^2+b\right)}{\left(a^2+b\right)\left(b^2+a\right)}\le1\\ < =>a^2b^2+a^3+b^2a^2+b^3\le\left(a^2+b\right)\left(b^2+a\right)\) ( Nhân cả 2 vế cho `(a^{2}+b)(b^{2}+a)>0` )
\(< =>a^3+b^3+2a^2b^2\le a^2b^2+b^3+a^3+ab\\ < =>a^2b^2\le ab\\ < =>ab\le1\) ( Chia 2 vế cho `ab>0` )
Do a,b >0
Nên áp dụng BDT Cô Si :
\(2\ge a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}< =>\sqrt{ab}\le1\\ < =>ab\le1\)
Do đó (*) luôn đúng
Vậy ta chứng minh đc bài toán
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : \(a=b>0,a+b=2< =>a=b=1\)
a Sửa đề : Chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+b}\)+\(\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\) 1 ( Đề thi vào 10 Hà Nội).
Bất đẳng thức trên tương đương :
\(\dfrac{a^2+b-b}{a^2+b}\)+\(\dfrac{b^2+a-a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)1
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 - \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\)+ 1 - \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)1
\(\Leftrightarrow\)1 - \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\) - \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)- \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\)- \(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)\(\le\)-1
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+a}\)+ \(\dfrac{b}{a^2+b}\)\(\ge\)1
Xét VT = \(\dfrac{a^2}{ab^2+a^2}\)+ \(\dfrac{b^2}{a^2b+b^2}\)\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab^2+a^2+a^2b+b^2}\) (Cauchy - Schwarz)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(b+a\right)+a^2+b^2}\)
\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2ab+a^2+b^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)= 1
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b = 1
\(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-2ab}=\frac{x^2}{x-2}\) với \(x=a^2+b^2\)
Xét \(x^2-8\left(x-2\right)=x^2-8x+16=\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\ge8\left(x-2\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{x-2}\ge8\)hay \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)}\ge8\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge8\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{a-b}\ge2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+2ab+1}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{\left(ab-1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}=1-\dfrac{ab-1}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2}{ab+1}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab-a^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\dfrac{ab-b^2}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b-a\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b-a\right)\left(1+b^2\right)+b\left(a-b\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a+ab^2\right)-\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a^2b\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(-\left(b-a\right)+ab\left(b-a\right)\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(ab\ge1\))
\(\left(a^2+b^2-2\right)\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(1-ab\right)^2+4ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2\left(ab+1\right)\right]\left(a+b\right)^2+1+2ab+a^2b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4-2\left(a+b\right)^2\left(ab+1\right)+\left(ab+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(ab+1\right)\right]^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(ab+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+1=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab+1}=\left|a+b\right|\) là số hữu tỉ (đpcm)
Thay \(a=-\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(a+c=-b\) và \(a+b=-c\) vào điều kiện thứ 2 ta có
\(\left(b+c\right)^2=2\left(-b+1\right)\left(-c-1\right)\)
<=> \(b^2+c^2+2bc=2bc+2b-2c-2\)
<=> \(\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c+1\right)^2=0\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
suy ra: a=0. Vậy A = a2 + b2 + c2 = 2
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a-b}=\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab+2}{a-b}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+2}{a-b}=\left(a-b\right)+\frac{2}{a-b}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức côsi cho hai số dương
\(\left(a-b\right)+\frac{2}{a-b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-b\right)2}{a-b}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
yim yim sao lại a2 + b 2 - 2ab -2 zậy bn mik ko hiểu đoạn này cho lắm