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Do \(\left|a\right|;\left|b\right|;\left|c\right|\le1\Rightarrow a^{2018}+b^{2020}+c^{2022}\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x-1;y-1;z-1\right)\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\le x;y;z\le2\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)+3\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le5\)
Thật vậy, do \(0\le x;y;z\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(2-y\right)\left(2-z\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8-4\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge xyz+4\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le5\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;2\right)\) và hoán vị
Hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(-1;0;1\right)\) và hoán vị
Đặt \(\left(b+c,c+a,a+b\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)thì \(x,y,z>0\)và \(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{z+x-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh trở thành: \(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{25\left(z+x-y\right)}{2y}+\frac{4\left(x+y-z\right)}{2z}>2\)
Xét \(VT=\left(\frac{y}{2x}+\frac{z}{2x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{25z}{2y}+\frac{25x}{2y}-\frac{25}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{2x}{z}+\frac{2y}{z}-2\right)\)\(=\left(\frac{y}{2x}+\frac{25x}{2y}\right)+\left(\frac{25z}{2y}+\frac{2y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{2x}+\frac{2x}{z}\right)-15\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{2x}.\frac{25x}{2y}}+2\sqrt{\frac{25z}{2y}.\frac{2y}{z}}+2\sqrt{\frac{z}{2x}.\frac{2x}{z}}-15=2\)(BĐT Cauchy)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(10x=2y=5z\)hay \(10\left(b+c\right)=2\left(c+a\right)=5\left(a+b\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}10b+8c=2a\\5b+10c=5a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2a=10b+8c\\2a=2b+4c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow8b+4c=0\)(Vô lí vì 8b + 4c > 0 với mọi b,c dương)
Vậy dấu bằng không xảy ra
c) Áp dụng công thức \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{a+b}\),ta được:
\(Q=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2020}-\frac{1}{2021}\)
\(=1+1+1+...+1-\frac{1}{2021}\)
\(=2021-\frac{1}{2021}=\frac{4084440}{2021}\)
BĐT <=> \(\frac{2}{a^2+2}+\frac{2}{b^2+2}+\frac{2}{c^2+2}\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+2}+1-\frac{b^2}{b^2+2}+1-\frac{c^2}{c^2+2}\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a^2+2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2}\ge1\)
Theo BĐT Svacxo:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}=1\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
P/s: Đúng ko ta?
a)
\(P=a\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\frac{a}{b}=a\sqrt{\frac{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a+1\right)^2+a^2}{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\frac{a}{a+1}\)
=\(a\sqrt{\frac{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2+2a\left(a+1\right)+1}{a^2\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\frac{a}{a+1}=a\sqrt{\frac{\left[a\left(a+1\right)+1\right]^2}{\left[a\left(a+1\right)\right]^2}}+\frac{a}{a+1}\)
\(=a.\frac{a\left(a+1\right)+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{a}{a+1}=a+\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{a}{a+1}=a+1\)
Vay P=a+1
phan b,c ap dung phan a la ra
CM bài toán phụ: \(x+y+z=0\)
CM: \(I=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\) với x,y,z dương
Ta có: \(I=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Áp dụng vào ta được: \(Q=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2020}-\frac{1}{2021}\)
\(Q=2021-\frac{1}{2021}=...\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\le1;a^2\ge0\Rightarrow a^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{2020}\le a^2\)
Tương tự : \(b^2\le1\Rightarrow b^{2021}\le b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{2020}+b^{2021}\le a^2+b^2\le1< 2\)