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1,
\(\frac{a}{1+\frac{b}{a}}+\frac{b}{1+\frac{c}{b}}+\frac{c}{1+\frac{a}{c}}=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Cách 1:
Do vai trò của a;b;c là như nhau, không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow3=ab+bc+ca\le3ab\Rightarrow ab\ge1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}\)
\(\ge1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+2ab+1}=1-\dfrac{ab-1}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{2}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow c^2+3-ab\ge3abc^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+ac+bc\ge3abc^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge3\)
Đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách 2:
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}+1-\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2}{3a^2+3}+\dfrac{3b^2}{3b^2+3}+\dfrac{3c^2}{3c^2+3}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2}{2a^2+a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{3b^2}{2b^2+b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{3c^2}{2c^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+2c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+2a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\dfrac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\dfrac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{2a^2bc+\left(bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{2ab^2c+\left(ac\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{2abc^2+\left(ab\right)^2}\ge1\)
Đúng do:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=1\)
Sửa đề: Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1. Chứng minh rằng
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}+\frac{1}{bc+c+2}+\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+b+2}=\frac{1}{ab+1+b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\) \(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{abc}{ab\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{bc+c+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{ca+a+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+1}{a+1}+\frac{b+1}{b+1}+\frac{c+1}{c+1}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Nhân 2 vế của \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\) có: \(ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+bc}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+bc}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{8}\cdot\frac{a+c}{8}}=\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\frac{b^2}{b+ca}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4};\frac{c^2}{c+ab}+\frac{a+c}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT+\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\ge\frac{6\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{a+b+c}{4}=VP\). Ta có ĐPCM
dự đoán của mouri kogoro
a=b=c=1
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{\left(a^2+1\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)4}}=1.\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{\left(B^2+1\right)}{4}\ge1\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{\left(c^2+1\right)}{4}\ge1\)
\(VT+\frac{1}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}\ge3\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\left(cosi\right)\)
\(VT+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\ge3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{6}{4}=\frac{12-6}{4}=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+b+1}+\frac{1}{b+c+1}+\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge1\)\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{1}{a+b+1}+1-\frac{1}{b+c+1}+1-\frac{1}{c+a+1}\le2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{a+b+1}+\frac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\frac{c+a}{c+a+1}\le2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức, ta được: \(\frac{a+b}{a+b+1}+\frac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\frac{c+a}{c+a+1}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+1\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c+1\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)}\le2\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2\) \(\le2\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b^2\right)}>=\frac{2}{\left(1+ab\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(1+a^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(1+b^2\right)}-\frac{2}{\left(1+ab\right)}>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{1}{\left(1+a^2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)}\right]+\left[\frac{1}{\left(1+b^2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(1+ab\right)}\right]>=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{a\left(b-c\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\right]+\left[\frac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\right]>=0\)
\(\frac{\left[a\left(b-a\right)\left(1+b^2\right)-b\left(b-a\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\right]}{\left[\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)^2\right]}>=0\)
\(\frac{\left[\left(b-a\right)\left(a+ab^2-b+ba^2\right)\right]}{\left[\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)^2\right]}>=0\)
\(\frac{\left[\left(b-a\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)+ab\left(b-a\right)\right]\right]}{\left[\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)^2\right]}>=0\)
\(\frac{\left[\left(b-a\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)\right]}{\left[\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)^2\right]}>=0\left(1\right)\)
Mẫu số luôn lớn hơn 1
\(\left(b-a\right)^2>=0\) voi moi a,b
Vì a,b >=1 nên ( ab-1) > = 0
Nên (1) dụng
Tu "dung"doi thanh dung