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Đề thi học kỳ 1 trường Ams
**Min
Từ \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow a^2\le1;b^2\le1;c^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a\le1;b\le1;c\le1\Rightarrow a^2\le a;b^2\le b;c^2\le c\)
Khi đó:
\(\sqrt{a+b^2}\ge\sqrt{a^2+b^2};\sqrt{b+c^2}\ge\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c+a^2}\ge\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{1-c^2}+\sqrt{1-a^2}+\sqrt{1-b^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{1-c^2}\ge1-c^2\Leftrightarrow1-c^2\ge1-2c^2+c^4\Leftrightarrow c^2\left(1-c^2\right)\ge0\left(true!!!\right)\)
Tương tự cộng lại:
\(P\ge3-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\)
dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=0;c=1\) and hoán vị.
**Max
Có BĐT phụ sau:\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\le\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)}\left(ezprove\right)\)
Áp dụng:
\(\sqrt{a+b^2}+\sqrt{b+c^2}+\sqrt{c+a^2}\)
\(\le\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c+a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)+3}\)
\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+3\right)}=\sqrt{3\cdot\sqrt{3}+3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(P=\sqrt{a\left(b+1\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{2a\left(b+1\right)}+\sqrt{2b\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(2a+b+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(2b+a+1\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(3a+3b+2\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(3.2+2\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow p\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu"=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy Max P \(=2\sqrt{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
\(P=\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\)
áp dụng bunhia - cốpxki
\(P^2=\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\)
\(=6\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=6.2021=12126< =>P=\sqrt{12126}\)
vậy MAX P=\(\sqrt{12126}\)
\(P=\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2=\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunyakovsky ta có:
\(P^2\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)=6\left(a+b+c\right)=6\cdot2021\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{6\cdot2021}=\sqrt{12126}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\frac{2021}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max\left(P\right)=\sqrt{12126}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{2021}{3}\)
\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=1\)
Thay vào M ta có: \(M\le\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
Xét: \(\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)^2\ge\frac{4a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\ge\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng vế vs vế ta được: \(M\le\frac{\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+c}{a+c}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT C-S:
\(P=\frac{2}{\sqrt{11}}\left[\sqrt{\left[\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\right]\left(1+\frac{7}{4}\right)}+\sqrt{\left[\left(b+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\right]\left(1+\frac{7}{4}\right)}\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{11}}\left[\left(a+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\left(b+\frac{9}{4}\right)\right]=\sqrt{11}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)