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\(ab+1\le b\Rightarrow a+\dfrac{1}{b}\le1\)
Đặt \(\left(a;\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow x+y\le1\)
\(P=x+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\left(\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{x}{2}+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\)
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2}{64x^2}}+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^2}{64y^2}}+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{15}{32}.\left(\dfrac{4}{1}\right)^2=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\) hay \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{4}{2-2ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{2}{1-ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\)Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức ta có:
\(\dfrac{2}{1-ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}{1-ab+ab}=\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2\) hay \(P\ge\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{1-ab}=\dfrac{1}{ab};a+b=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\sqrt{2}\\ab=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;-1+\sqrt{2}\right),\left(-1+\sqrt{2};1\right)\)
Lời giải:
a) Ta thấy: \(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}=(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}>0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b}\le \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\).
Vì $a> b$ nên dấu bằng không xảy ra . Tức \(\frac{1}{a+b}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta có đpcm
b)
Áp dụng kết quả phần a:
\(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{1+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{3+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.3}}\)
\(\frac{1}{7}=\frac{1}{4+3}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{4.3}}\)
.....
\(\frac{1}{4021}=\frac{1}{2011+2010}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{5}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{4021}\)
\(< \frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2\sqrt{2.1}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{3.2}}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{4.3}}+....+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}< \frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(a\sqrt{1-b^2}=\sqrt{a^2\left(1-b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{a^2+1-b^2}{2}\)
Tương tự cx có: \(b\sqrt{1-c^2}\le\dfrac{b^2+1-c^2}{2}\)
\(c\sqrt{1-a^2}\le\dfrac{c^2+1-a^2}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=1-b^2\\b^2=1-c^2\\c^2=1-a^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=3-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM và BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}=\frac{bc}{(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{1}{4}.\frac{(b+c)^2}{(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, ta có:
\(P\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b^2+a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}$
Lời giải:
Vì $a+b+c=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab})+(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc})+(\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ac})+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\) (áp dụng BĐT AM-GM)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Lời giải:
Vì $abc=1$ nên tồn tại $x,y,z$ sao cho : \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{y}{z}, \frac{z}{x}\right)\)
Khi đó:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{x}+2}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{xy+xz+2yz}}+\frac{\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{xy+yz+2xz}}+\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{xz+yz+2xy}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}^2\leq (1+1+1)\left(\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}+\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}+\frac{xy}{xz+yz+2xy}\right)\)
\(\leq 3\left[\frac{yz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xy+yz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)+\frac{xz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xy+xz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)+\frac{xy}{4}\left(\frac{1}{xz+xy}+\frac{1}{yz+xy}\right)\right]\)
hay \(\text{VT}^2\leq \frac{3}{4}.\left(\frac{xy+yz}{xy+yz}+\frac{xy+xz}{xy+xz}+\frac{yz+xz}{yz+xz}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c=1$
1.Ta có :\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2\) (do x+y=1)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2.
a) Sửa đề: \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(b^3-ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(a,b\ge0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
b) Lần trước mk giải rồi nhá
3.
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel\(P=\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{z+1}\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b) \(Q=\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+1}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2.1}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2.1}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2.1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{2x}+\dfrac{y}{2y}+\dfrac{z}{2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a^4+b^2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+b^4}\le\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a^4b^2}}+\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{a^2b^4}}=\dfrac{a}{2a^2b}+\dfrac{b}{2ab^2}=\dfrac{1}{ab}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)