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a)Svac-so:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(đpcm\right)}\)
b)\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{ab+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+1-a^2-1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}+\dfrac{ab+1-b^2-1}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b-a\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}-\dfrac{a}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{b\left(a^2+1\right)-a\left(b^2+1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2b+b-ab^2-a}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\cdot\dfrac{ab-1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
Bài 1:
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\) với a,b,c > 0
Áp dụng BĐT Chauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}=c\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\ge c\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}.\dfrac{a}{b}}=2c\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}=a\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\ge a\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}}=2a\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}=b\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2b\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
1a)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
2a)\(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b\cdot a+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)Đã cm
c)\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=1
1) 2( a2 + b2 ) ≥ ( a + b)2
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 - a2 - 2ab - b2 ≥ 0
<=> a2 - 2ab + b2 ≥ 0
<=> ( a - b )2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
2) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương x , y , ta có :
a + b ≥ \(2\sqrt{ab}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ) ≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\)) ≥ 4
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
AM-GM ngược dấu như sau:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự ta cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3};\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a-b}{3}+\dfrac{2b-c}{3}+\dfrac{2c-a}{3}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=VP\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)}\)
Dễ thấy :
\(a^{3}+b^{3}+c^{3}+ab(b+c)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)=(a^{2}+ b^{2}+c^{2})(a+b+c)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)
Vậy cần chứng minh
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (luôn đúng)
Lời giải:
Đề bài phải sửa lại là \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}\) em nhé.
Sử dụng pp biến đổi tương đương. Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{b^2+1+a^2+1}{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)}\geq \frac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab+1)(a^2+b^2+2)\geq 2(a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a^2+b^2)+2ab\geq 2a^2b^2+a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a^2+b^2-2ab)+2ab-a^2-b^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a-b)^2-(a-b)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab-1)(a-b)^2\geq 0\)
BĐT trên luôn đúng vì \(a,b\geq 1\rightarrow ab-1\geq 0\) và \((a-b)^2\geq 0\) )
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\) hoặc \(ab=1\)
Ta có \(a\ge1;b\ge1\Rightarrow a\cdot b\ge1\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)>0\) (2)
Từ (1);(2)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{1+ab}\left(\dfrac{b^2\cdot a-a^2b-b+a}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{1+ab}\left(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}-\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab-a^2}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}-\dfrac{b^2-ab}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab-a^2+1-1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}-\dfrac{b^2-1-ab+1}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\) (đpcm)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(a-b\right)^2}{3\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b\)