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\(A=\dfrac{x^{98}+x^{97}+x^{96}+...+x+1}{x^{32}+x^{31}+x^{30}+...+x+1}\\ x=2\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{2^{98}+2^{97}+2^{96}+...+2+1}{2^{32}+2^{31}+2^{30}+...+2+1}\)
Đặt
\(B = 2^{98} + 2^{97} + 2^{96} + ... + 2 + 1 \\ C = 2^{32} + 2^{31} + 2^{30} + ... + 2 + 1\)
\(B=2^{98}+2^{97}+2^{96}+...+2+1\\ =\left(2-1\right)\left(2^{98}+2^{97}+2^{96}+...+2+1\right)\\ =2^{99}-1\\ =\left(2^{33}-1\right)\left(2^{66}+2^{33}+1\right)\\ C=2^{32}+2^{31}+2^{30}+...+2+1\\ =\left(2-1\right)\left(2^{32}+2^{31}+2^{30}+...+2+1\right)\\ =2^{33}-1\\ A=\dfrac{B}{C}=\dfrac{\left(2^{33}-1\right)\left(2^{66}+2^{33}+1\right)}{2^{33}-1}=2^{66}+2^{33}+1\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^{671}=a\\y^{671}=b\end{matrix}\right.\). Bài toán trở thành
Cho \(a+b=0,67\) và \(a^2+b^2=1,34\). Tính \(A=a^3+b^3\)
Giải:
\(a^2+2ab+b^2=0,4489\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=\dfrac{0,4489-1,34}{2}=-0,44555\)
\(A=a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)=1,1963185\)
\(4B=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{5}+1}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2014}+\sqrt{2010}}\)
\(=\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}{5-1}+\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{6-2}+...+\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2010}\right)}{2014-2010}\)
\(=\sqrt{5}-1+\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2014}-\sqrt{2010}\)
\(=-1-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{2011}+\sqrt{2012}+\sqrt{2013}+\sqrt{2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=...\)
a) - Với \(x>0,x\ne1\), ta có:
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{x\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}-1\right]\)
\(A=\left[\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)}\right]\left[\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}-\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{4\sqrt{x}}\right]\)
\(A=\left[\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right]\left[\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}\right]\)
\(A=\left[\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right]\left[\frac{x^2-2\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}\right]\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-1+5}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A=\frac{4+4\sqrt{x}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A=\frac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A=\frac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{4\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A=\frac{4\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{4\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Vậy với \(x>0,x\ne1\)thì \(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{x\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}-1\right]\)
\(=\left[\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)}\right]\left[\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}-\frac{4\sqrt{x}}{4\sqrt{x}}\right]\)
\(=\left[\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right]\left[\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}\right]\)
\(=\left[\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\frac{3\sqrt{x}+5}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right]\left[\frac{x^2-2\sqrt{x}+1}{4\sqrt{x}}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-1+5}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{4+4\sqrt{x}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}.\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{4\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{4\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{4\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
b) \(B=\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)\cdot A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\sqrt{x}-1\)
Xét hiệu B - 1 ta có : \(B-1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\sqrt{x}-2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{x}}-\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Dễ thấy \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}>0\forall x>0\\\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\ge0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}}\ge0\forall x>0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = 1 ( ktm ĐKXĐ )
Vậy đẳng thức không xảy ra , hay chỉ có B - 1 > 0 <=> B > 1 ( đpcm )