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\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)
Ta có: \(A=a\left(a^2-bc\right)+b\left(b^2-ac\right)+c\left(c^2-ab\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\) \(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ne0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
Xét \(M=a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0;b-c=0;c-a=0\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}=1+1+1=3\)
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
Ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2-ab\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{abc}{ab}=c\) ( do $abc=1$ )
Tương tự ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}\le a\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^2-ab+a^2}\le b\)
Cộng vế với vế các BĐT trên có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+a^2}\le a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2-ab}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2-bc}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2-ca}\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2ab-ab}+\dfrac{1}{2bc-bc}+\dfrac{1}{2ca-ca}=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
