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Áp dụng BĐT Mincopxki:
\(P=\sqrt{\left(a^2\right)^2+1^2}+\sqrt{\left(b^2\right)^2+1^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2+\left(1+1\right)^2}\)
Ta xét:
\(a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(a+b=\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)-2\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}-2=2.\frac{3}{2}-2=1\)
\(Đ\text{T}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
1) \(\frac{9}{x^2}+\frac{2x}{\sqrt{2x^2+9}}=1\left(ĐK:x\ne0\right)\)
Đặt: \(\sqrt{2x^2+9}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+9=a^2\Leftrightarrow9=a^2-2a^2\)
Khi đó pt đã cgo trở rhanhf:
\(\frac{a^2-2x^2}{x^2}+\frac{2x}{a}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{x}\right)^2-2+\frac{2x}{a}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{x}\right)^2+\frac{2x}{a}-3=0\) (*)
Đặt: \(\frac{a}{x}=b\) khi đó (*) trở thành:
\(b^2+\frac{2}{b}-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^3+2-3b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b^3-b\right)-\left(2b-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(b-1\right)\left(b+1\right)-2\left(b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(b^2+b-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)^2\left(b+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}b-1=0\\b+2=0\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}b=1\\b=-2\end{array}\right.\)
Với: \(b=1\) ta có:
\(\frac{a}{x}=1\Leftrightarrow a=x\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+9}=x\Leftrightarrow2x^2+9=x^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+9=0\left(loai\right)\)
Với: \(b=-2\) ta có:
\(\frac{a}{x}=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+9}=-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+9=4x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=\frac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\\x=-\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\end{array}\right.\)
Thử lại ta thấy: \(x=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\left(ktm\right);x=-\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}}\left(tm\right)\)
Vaayk pt đã cho có nhgieemj là \(x=-\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{9}{4}=\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+2\right)^2\ge9\Leftrightarrow a+b+2\ge3\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Mincopxki , ta có : \(\sqrt{1+a^4}+\sqrt{1+b^4}\ge\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2\right)^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^4}\ge\sqrt{\frac{17}{4}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy minP = \(\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+a+b+ab=\frac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow a+b+ab=\frac{5}{4}\)
Áp dụng Bđt Cô si ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(2\left(a^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge2a;2\left(b^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge2b\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+1\ge2\left(a+b+ab\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng Bđt Bunhiacopski ta cũng có:
\(P\ge\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
8. \(x^2-5x+14-4\sqrt{x+1}=0\) (ĐK: x > = -1).
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x+1\right)-4\sqrt{x+1}+4+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
Với mọi x thực ta luôn có: \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2\ge0\) và \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra \(\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 3 (Nhận)
7. \(S=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+\left(5x^2+24x+2016\right)\)
\(=9y^2-12\left(x+4\right)y+4\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+1936\)
\(=\left[3y-2\left(x+4\right)\right]^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+1936\ge1936\)
Vậy \(S_{min}=1936\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y-2\left(x+4\right)=0\\x-4=0\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\frac{16}{3}\end{cases}}\)
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