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\(A=\dfrac{a}{a+b+c-c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c-b}\\ A=\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\\ \Rightarrow A>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}=1\left(1\right)\\ A< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\left(2\right)\\ \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow1< A< B\\ \Rightarrow A\notin Z\)
\(\dfrac{a}{2021-c}+\dfrac{b}{2021-a}+\dfrac{c}{2021-b}\\ =\dfrac{a}{a+b+c-c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c-b}\\ =\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Vì \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\Rightarrow A.ko.phải.số.nguyên\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(M=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+d}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+d+c}\)
\(> \frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1(1)\)
Mặt khác:
\(M=1-\frac{b+c}{a+b+c}+1-\frac{a+d}{a+b+d}+1-\frac{b+d}{b+c+d}+1-\frac{a+c}{a+d+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=4-\underbrace{\left(\frac{b+c}{a+b+c}+\frac{a+d}{a+b+d}+\frac{b+d}{b+c+d}+\frac{a+c}{a+d+c}\right)}_{N}\)
Có: \(N>\frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow N>\frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow M=4-N< 4-2\Leftrightarrow M< 2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 1< M< 2\Rightarrow M\not\in \mathbb{N}\)
b)\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}\) và \(\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)và \(1+\dfrac{b+c}{a}=1 +\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}\)và \(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}\)và \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=0\)
và \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=0\)
+) Vì a,b,c đôi một khác 0
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
\(\rightarrow a+b=\left(-c\right)\)
\(\rightarrow a+c=\left(-b\right)\)
\(\rightarrow b+c=\left(-a\right)\)
+) Ta có:
\(M=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{b}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{c+a}{c}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-c}{b}\cdot\dfrac{-a}{c}\cdot\dfrac{-b}{a}\)
\(=\left(-1\right)\)
b/
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
* \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c=3a\\2c+a=3b\\2a+b=3c\end{matrix}\right.\)
+)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=3a-2b\\a=3b-2c\\b=3c-2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3a-2b\right)\left(3b-2c\right)\left(3c-2a\right)=abc\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b=3c-a\\2c=3b-a\\2a=3c-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3a-c\right)\left(3b-a\right)\left(3c-b\right)=8abc\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{8abc}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
bz-cy/a = cx- az /b = ay-bx /c => bxz-cxy / ax = cxy-azy / b = azy-bxz/c = bxz-cxy + cxy-azy+azy-bxz / a+b+c = 0/ a+b+c = 0
Suy ra : bz -cy/a = 0 => bz-cy=0 => bz = cy => z/c = b/y
cx-az/b = 0 => cx-az=0 => cx=az => x/a = z/c
ay-bx/c = 0 => ay-bx = 0 => ay=bx=> y/b = x/a
Vậy x/a=y/b=c/z
Vì \(a;b;c\in N^{\text{*}}\)ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b+a}>\frac{a}{a+b+c};\frac{b}{b+c}>\frac{b}{a+b+c};\frac{c}{c+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}>1\)(*)
Lại có \(M=\frac{a+b-b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c-c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a-a}{c+a}=3-\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự như \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) ta cũng có \(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}>1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=3-\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)< 3-1=2\)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) => 1< M < 2 hay M ko phải là số nguyên (đpcm)
ta lập biểu thưc a.ư.s.d.f.g.j.b.c..rn.g.
a/f: d=2+eiek.3.e.e.ư.ư.ứ.sxc
ta lại lập biểu thưc a.b.v.c.d.f.g.l.l.d..ê.
b=s-f=số biểu thưc nhận chéo d=dio=fhu-fhfg=gjg=gggrigh
m=a/b+a+b/b+c+c/c+a
fhhhj-ghh-gjghh=dhfu
jhjhj ta lập biểu thức rahgikjff