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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+d}+\dfrac{d^2}{a+d}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+d+d+a}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương a , b , c , ta có :
\(D=\dfrac{a}{a+2b}+\dfrac{b}{b+2c}+\dfrac{c}{c+2a}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ac}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=1\)Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac< ba+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a< b\)(đúng)
a)Áp dụng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+a+b}=1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=> đpcm
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\Rightarrow ac< bc\Rightarrow ac+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}< \dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)a) ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\frac{c^2}{cd+ca}+\frac{d^2}{da+db}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ca+da+db}=\frac{(a+b+c+d)^2}{ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da}\) (1)
Ta có:
\((a+b+c+d)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ac+2bd+2(a+c)(b+d)\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ac+2bd+2ab+2ad+2bc+2cd\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^2+c^2\geq 2ac; b^2+d^2\geq 2bd\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+b+c+d)^2\geq 4ac+4bd+2ab+2ad+2bc+2cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c+d)^2\geq 2(ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da)\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) suy ra :
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da)}{ab+cd+2ac+2bd+bc+da}=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}\)>\(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+d}\)>\(\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+d+a}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c+d+a}\)>\(\dfrac{c+d}{c+d+a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{d+a}{d+a+b}\)>\(\dfrac{d+a}{d+a+b+c}\)
cộng từng vế của bất đẳng thức lại với nhau ta được
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}\)+\(\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+d}\)+\(\dfrac{c+d}{c+d+a}\)+\(\dfrac{d+a}{d+a+b}\)>\(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}\)+\(\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+d+a}\)+\(\dfrac{c+d}{c+d+a+b}\)+\(\dfrac{d+a}{d+a+b+c}\)=\(\dfrac{2.\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)=2
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{d}< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0\)
Mà \(bd>0\) (do b,d dương)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad-bc< 0\\bd>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad< bc\\bd>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{bd}{ad}>\dfrac{bd}{bc}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}>\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\rightarrowđpcm\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow a=b\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}=1\Rightarrow b=c\)
\(\dfrac{c}{d}=1\Rightarrow c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{20}.b^{17}.c^{2017}=d^{20}.d^{17}.d^{2017}=d^{2054}\)
đpcm
Tham khảo nhé~