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1.
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\Leftrightarrow ab+ad< ad+bc\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow bc>ad\Leftrightarrow bc+cd>ad+cd\Leftrightarrow c\left(b+d\right)>d\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{c}{d}>\frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
2.
Ta có: a(b + n) = ab + an (1)
b(a + n) = ab + bn (2)
Trường hợp 1: nếu a < b mà n > 0 thì an < bn (3)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra a(b + n) < b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{n}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 2: nếu a > b mà n > 0 thì an > bn (4)
Từ (1),(2),(4) suy ra a(b + n) > b(a + n) => \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Trường hợp 3: nếu a = b thì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}=1\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=k\Rightarrow a=bk\\\frac{c}{d}=q\Rightarrow c=dq\end{cases}}\)
a) Thay a và c vào biểu thức ta có :
\(\frac{bk}{b}< \frac{dq}{d}\Rightarrow k< q\)
=> ad ... bc
=> bkd ... bdq
=> k ... q
=> k < q
=> đpcm
b) tương tự thay a và c vào
Cái này bạn tích chéo lên là ra chứ có gì đâu ( dựa vào ad<bc)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
ta có : \(a=\frac{bc}{d}\)nên : \(a+d>b+c\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc}{d}+d>b+c\Leftrightarrow bc+d^2>bd+cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc-bd-cd+d^2>0\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(c-d\right)>0\) điều này luôn đúng do b>c>d
Vậy ta có đpcm
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