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Đặt \(x=\dfrac{1}{a},y=\dfrac{1}{b},z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) khi đó thu được \(xyz=1\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}=\dfrac{x^2yz}{y+z}=\dfrac{x}{y+z}\)
BĐT cần chứng minh được viết lại thành:\(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{z+x}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x+y}+1\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Đánh giá cuối cùng đúng theo BĐT Cauchy
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 1.
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
với mọi a,b,c >=1
chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+a^6}+\frac{2}{1+b^3}+\frac{3}{1+c^2}\ge\frac{6}{1+abc}\)
Ta có BĐT phụ với \(x;y;z\ge1\): \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt[6]{xyz^4}}\ge\frac{4}{1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{1+\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Áp dụng:
\(P=\frac{1}{1+a^6}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}+\frac{2}{1+b^3}+\frac{2}{1+c^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+a^3c}+\frac{2}{1+b^3}+\frac{2}{1+c^2}\)
\(P\ge2\left(\frac{1}{1+a^3c}+\frac{1}{1+b^3}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}\right)\ge\frac{6}{1+\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3c^3}}=\frac{6}{1+abc}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Bài 1
Đặt \(A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3(a-1)(b-1)(c-1)\)
Biến đổi:
\(A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3[abc-(ab+bc+ac)+a+b+c-1]=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc+3(ab+bc+ac)-6\)
\(A=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)+abc]-6+3(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(A=21-3(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)+3(ab+bc+ac)=21-6(ab+bc+ac)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:
\(3(ab+bc+ac)\leq (a+b+c)^2=9\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq 21-6.3=3\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Vì \(0\leq a,b,c\leq2\Rightarrow (a-2)(b-2)(c-2)\leq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc-2(ab+bc+ac)+4\leq 0\Leftrightarrow 2(ab+bc+ac)\geq 4+abc\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\geq 2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\leq 21-6.2=9\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $(a,b,c)=(0,1,2)$ và các hoán vị.
Bài 2a)
Ta có
\(A=a^2+b^2+c^2=(a+1)^2+(b+1)^2+(c+1)^2-3-2(a+b+c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=(a+b+c+3)^2-2[(a+1)(b+1)+(b+1)(c+1)+(c+1)(a+1)]-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=6-2[(a+1)(b+1)+(b+1)(c+1)+(c+1)(a+1)]\)
Vì \(-1\leq a,b,c\leq 2\Rightarrow a+1,b+1,c+1\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+1)(b+1)+(b+1)(c+1)+(c+1)(a+1)\geq 0\Rightarrow A\leq 6\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \((a,b,c)=(-1,-1,2)\) và các hoán vị của nó
Ta có đánh giá sau với a không âm:
\(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{36a+3}{50}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(36a+3\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\ge50a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-1\right)^2\left(4a+3\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{36b+3}{50}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{36c+3}{50}\)
Cộng vế: \(VT\le\dfrac{36\left(a+b+c\right)+9}{50}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta chứng minh bđt phụ \(\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
Thật vậy bđt trên \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-3a^2+10a-3}{10\left(1+a^2\right)}-\dfrac{18}{25}\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left[\dfrac{3\left(3-a\right)}{10\left(1+a^2\right)}-\dfrac{18}{25}\right]\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{36\left(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2\left(\dfrac{3}{4}+a\right)}{50\left(1+a^2\right)}\le0\) ( luôn đúng với mọi \(a\)\(\ge\)0)
Tương tự cũng có:\(\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(b-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\); \(\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(c-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế => VT\(\le\dfrac{9}{10}+\dfrac{18}{25}\left(a+b+c-1\right)=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\left(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+\frac{1}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)+\frac{25}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{28}{3}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)