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\(\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2-c}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)+\left(2-c\right)\left(2-a\right)+\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)}{\left(2-a\right)\left(2-b\right)\left(2-c\right)}\ge3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4-2b-2c+bc+4-2c-2a+ca+4-2a-2b+ab}{\left(4-2a-2b+ab\right)\left(2-c\right)}\ge3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{12-4\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{8-4\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12-4\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\) \(24-12\left(a+b+c\right)+6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\ge12+5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=p;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\)thì giả thiết trở thành \(p^2-2q=3\)hay \(4q-p^2=2q-3\)
và ta cần chứng minh \(8p+3r\ge12+5q\)
Theo Schur, ta có: \(r\ge\frac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\)hay \(3r\ge\frac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{3}=\frac{p\left(2q-3\right)}{3}\)(*)
Có \(p^2-2q=3\Rightarrow q=\frac{p^2-3}{2}\)(**)
Sử dụng hai điều kiện (*) và (**) ta đưa điều phải chứng minh về dạng \(8p+\frac{p\left(p^2-6\right)}{3}\ge12+\frac{5\left(p^2-3\right)}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2p-3\right)\left(p-3\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Trước hết ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau \(\sqrt{a^2+x^2}+\sqrt{b^2+y^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Thật vậy, bất đẳng thức trên tương đương với \(\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\right)^2\ge\left(a+x\right)^2+\left(b+y\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\ge2ax+2by\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối cùng là bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky nên (*) đúng
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức trên ta có \(\sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\frac{153}{4}\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy và chú ý giả thiết \(a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\), ta được:\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1215}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\frac{81}{16\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{1215}{16.\frac{9}{4}}=\frac{153}{4}\)
Bất đẳng thức đã được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(a-b+b+\frac{1}{b\left(a-b\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a-b\right)b.1}{b\left(a-b\right)}}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(VT=a-b+\frac{4}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b+1\right)^2}+\frac{b+1}{2}+\frac{b+1}{2}-1\)
\(VT\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{4\left(a-b\right)\left(b+1\right)^2}{4\left(a-b\right)\left(b+1\right)^2}}-1=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{a-b}{2}+\frac{a-b}{2}+\frac{1}{b\left(a-b\right)^2}+b\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b\left(a-b\right)^2}{4b\left(a-b\right)^2}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{2}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\\b=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(GT\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Ta có:
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+1+\frac{1}{b^2}+1+\frac{1}{c^2}+1\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+3\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge3\)
câu 1.Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{x+3y}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+3y}.\frac{x+3y}{16}}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\frac{y^2}{y+3x}+\frac{y+3x}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y^2}{y+3x}.\frac{y+3x}{16}}=\frac{y}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{y^2}{y+3x}+\frac{x+y+3x+3y}{16}\ge\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{y^2}{y+3x}+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{y^2}{y+3x}\ge\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Câu 2:
điều kiện \(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=4\)(đúng ko)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{a^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2+1}.\frac{a^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}.\frac{b^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2+1}.\frac{b^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{c^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2+1}.\frac{c^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{d^2+1}+\frac{d^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{d^2+1}.\frac{d^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{1}{d^2+1}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+4}{4}\ge4\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{1}{d^2+1}\ge4-\frac{8}{4}=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Thay abc = 1 vào bđt cần chứng minh :
\(a+b+c\ge\frac{a\left(bc+1\right)}{b\left(ac+1\right)}+\frac{b\left(ac+1\right)}{c\left(ab+1\right)}+\frac{c\left(ab+1\right)}{a\left(bc+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(1-\frac{bc+1}{ac+1}\right)+b\left(1-\frac{ac+1}{ab+1}\right)+c\left(1-\frac{ab+1}{bc+1}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac\left(a-b\right)}{ac+1}+\frac{ab\left(b-c\right)}{ab+1}+\frac{bc\left(c-a\right)}{bc+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ac\left[-\left(c-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)\right]}{ac+1}+\frac{ab\left[-\left(a-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]}{ab+1}+\frac{bc\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]}{bc+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\frac{-ac\left(c-a\right)}{ac+1}-\frac{ab\left(c-a\right)}{ab+1}\right]+\left[-\frac{ac\left(b-c\right)}{ac+1}-\frac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{bc+1}\right]+\left[-\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{ab+1}-\frac{bc\left(a-b\right)}{bc+1}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a\left(c-a\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac+1}+\frac{1}{ab+1}\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{ac+1}+\frac{1}{bc+1}\right)-b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab+1}+\frac{1}{bc+1}\right)\ge0\)(1)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{ab+1},y=\frac{1}{bc+1},z=\frac{1}{ac+1}\)
Tiếp tục phân tích : \(-c\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right).x-b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right).y=-c\left(a+b\right).x\left[-\left(c-a\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]-b\left(a+c\right).y\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(c-a\right).\left[c\left(a+b\right)x+b\left(a+c\right)y\right]+c\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right).x+b\left(a+c\right)\left(b-c\right).y\)
Tới đây giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c>0\) là ra nhé :)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge \frac{2}{ab};\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\geq \frac{2}{bc}; \frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\geq \frac{2}{ac}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\geq \frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}=\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Để bài toán được giải quyết ta sẽ CM: \(\frac{3}{abc}\geq a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq 3(*)\)
Thật vậy, theo BĐT AM-GM và các hệ quả của nó:
\(9abc=3abc(a+b+c)\leq (ab+bc+ac)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow 9abc(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq (ab+bc+ac)^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\)
Mà: \((ab+bc+ac)^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq \left(\frac{ab+bc+ac+ab+bc+ac+a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\right)^3=\frac{(a+b+c)^6}{27}=27\)
\(\Rightarrow 9abc(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq 27\Rightarrow abc(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq 3\)
BĐT $(*)$ được cm. Bài toán hoàn tất.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b+1}{c^2+1}\ge b+1-\frac{c\left(b+1\right)}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c+1}{a^2+1}\ge c+1-\frac{a\left(c+1\right)}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge6-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)
\(VT\ge\frac{9}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)