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\(a) Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2 < n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.24,5\%}{98} = 0,5 \to H_2SO_4\ dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} =n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = (0,5 - 0,2).98 = 29,4(gam)\\ c) n_{FeSO_4} = n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{FeSO_4} = 0,2.152 = 30,4(gam)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2.......0.4......0.2...........0.2\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0.2\cdot127=25.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(0.4............0.4\)
\(m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.8-0.4\right)\cdot40=16\left(g\right)\)
\(a)\ n_{Fe} = \dfrac{11,2}{56} = 0,2(mol)\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{FeCl_2} = n_{Fe} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2} = 0,2.127 = 25,4\ gam\\ b) n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = 0,2(mol)\Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\\ c) n_{HCl} = 2n_{Fe} = 0,4(mol)\\ NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O\\ n_{NaOH} = 0,8> n_{HCl} = 4 \Rightarrow NaOH\ dư\\ n_{NaOH\ pư} = n_{HCl} = 0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaOH\ dư} = (0,8-0,4).40 = 16\ gam\)
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{6,5}{65} = 0,1(mol) \\ PTHH: Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2 \\$$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,1(Mol) \\ V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24l \\b) PTHH: H_2 + CuO \xrightarrow[]{t^o} Cu + H_2O \\ n_{CuO} = \dfrac{12}{64} = 0,15(mol) \\ \to CuO dư$ $\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Cu} = 0,1(mol \\ m_{Cu} = 0,1.64 = 6,4(gam)$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,1 → 0,1 → 0,1
a) \(V_{H_2}=22,4\cdot0,1=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1\cdot136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
c) \(Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
bđ: 0,1 → 0,4
pư: 0,1 → 0,1
\(\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\text{ dư}}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
b,Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{3}\) ⇒ Al hết, H2SO4 dư
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4dư}=\left(0,3-0,15\right).98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
c, \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
d, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
PTHH : \(2Fe+3H_2SO_4\left(t^o\right)-->Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{22.4}{56}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{24.5}{98}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(n_{Fe}>n_{H_2SO_4}\) (0.4 > 0.25) => Fe dư sau PƯ
\(n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=n_{Fe}-n_{H_2SO_4}=0.4-0.25=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=n.M=0,15.56=8.4\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH : Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
So sánh tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow\) Fe dư
Theo PT\(n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,25=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(nAl=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(nHCl=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
2 6 2 3 (mol)
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3 (mol)
LTL : 0,3 / 2 > 0,6/6
=> Al dư sau pứ , HCl đủ vs pứ
\(mAl_{\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
\(mAlCl_3=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(H_2+CuO\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
1 1 1 1 (mol)
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol)
=> \(mCu=0,3.64=19,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\
n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\)
=> Al dư HCl hết
theo pthh : \(n_{Al\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al\left(d\right)}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
theo pthh : \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)
theo pthh : \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
pthh: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}H_2O+Cu\)
0,3 0,3
\(m_{Cu}=0,3.64=19,2\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,64}{27}=0,32\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{62,72}{98}=0,64\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b) Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,32}{2}< \dfrac{0,64}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\) dư
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,16\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,48\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=\left(0,64-0,48\right).96=15,68\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,16.342=54,72\left(g\right)\)
d) \(V_{H_2}=0,48.22,4=10,752\left(l\right)\)