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2Al+3H2SO4->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
0,2-----------------------------------0,3
n Al=0,2 mol
=>VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l
b)
XO+H2-to>X+H2O
0,3-------------0,3
=>0,3=\(\dfrac{19,5}{X}\)
=>X là Zn( kẽm)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(n_X=\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\)
\(XO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)X+H_2O\)
\(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) \(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}=0,3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M_X=65\)
=> X là kẽm (Zn)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
b.\(XO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)X+H_2O\)
\(n_X=\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}\) mol
\(n_{H_2}=n_X=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{19,5}{M_X}=0,3\)
\(M_X=65\) ( g/mol )
=> X là kẽm ( Zn )
a, nAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3
VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b, PTHH: RO + H2 ---to---> R + H2O
0,3 0,3
=> MR = \(\dfrac{19,5}{0,3}=65\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> R là Zn
\(a,n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Theo.pt:n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ b,PTHH:RO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}R+H_2O\\ Mol:0,6\leftarrow0,6\rightarrow0,6\\ M_R=\dfrac{38,4}{0,6}=64\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow R.là.Cu\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
CTHH: AxOy
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: AxOy + yH2 --to--> xA + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,06}{y}\)<--0,06---->\(\dfrac{0,06x}{y}\)
2A + 2nHCl --> 2ACln + nH2
\(\dfrac{0,06x}{y}\)---------------->\(\dfrac{0,03xn}{y}\)
=> \(\dfrac{0,03xn}{y}=\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\dfrac{y}{x}=\dfrac{2}{3}n\)
\(M_{A_xO_y}=\dfrac{3,48}{\dfrac{0,06}{y}}=58y\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> \(x.M_A=42y\)
=> \(M_A=\dfrac{42y}{x}=28n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 2 thỏa mãn => MA = 56 (g/mol)
=> A là Fe
\(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{3}{2n}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) => CTHH: Fe3O4
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---to---> FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,3 0,6 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2 + CuO ---to---> Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,3 0,3
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ H2 pứ hết, CuO dư
\(m_{Cu}=0,3.64=19,2\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,2--------------------->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => H2 hết, CuO dư
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,2<--0,2-------->0,2
=> mrắn sau pư = 24 - 0,2.80 + 0,2.64 = 20,8 (g)
c)
PTHH: RO + H2 --to--> R + H2O
0,2------>0,2
=> \(M_R=\dfrac{12,8}{0,2}=64\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> R là Cu
+) \(N_{Mg}\) = \(\dfrac{m}{M}\) = \(\dfrac{4,8}{24}\) = 0,2 mol
a) Mg + HCl -> \(MgCl_2\) + \(H_2\)
0,2 -> 0,2 (mol)
b) +) \(N_{CuO}\text{ }\)= \(\dfrac{m}{M}\) = \(\dfrac{24}{80}\) = 0,3 mol
+) \(H_2\) + CuO -> Cu + \(H_2O\)
+) Ta có: \(\dfrac{N_{H_2}}{1}\)= \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) < \(\dfrac{N_{CuO}}{1}\)= \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}\)
=> \(H_2\) hết. Tính toán theo \(N_{H_2}\)
+)\(H_2\) + CuO -> Cu + \(H_2O\)
Ban đầu: 0,2 0,3 0 0 }
P/ứng: 0,2 -> 0,2 -> 0,2 -> 0,2 } mol
Sau p/ư: 0 0,1 0,2 0,2 }
=> \(m_{Cu}\) = 12,8 gam .Thu được 2,8 gam Cu
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,045mol\)
Ta có: \(n_{\dfrac{O}{oxit}}=n_{H_2}=1,344:22,4=0,06mol\\ \Rightarrow m_{\dfrac{O}{oxit}}=0,06.16=0,96gam\\ \Rightarrow m_M=m_{oxit}-m_{\dfrac{O}{oxit}}=3,48-0,96=2,52gam\\ \)
Gọi hoá trị của M là \(n\)
PTPU: \(2M+2nHCl\Rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{2}{n}0,045\Leftarrow0,045\\\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{2,52}{\dfrac{2}{n}0,045}=28n\)
| n | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| M | 28 | 56 | 84 |
| Loại | Fe(TM) | Loại |
Vậy M là \(Fe\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Fe}=2,52:56=0,045\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{n_{\dfrac{O}{oxit}}}=\dfrac{0,045}{0,06}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy oxit \(Fe\) là \(Fe_3O_4\)
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
0,2-----------------------0,2
RO+H2-to>R+H2O
0,2-------------0,2
n Mg=\(\dfrac{4,8}{24}\)=0,2 mol
=>VH2=0,2.22,4=4,48l
->0,2=\(\dfrac{12,8}{R}\)
=>R=64 g\mol
=>R là Cu(đồng)