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Với a,b,c,d dương, chứng minh rằng \(F=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)
đây là dạng mở rộng của nesbit
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopski :
\(\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right].F\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
Tương đương \(F\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)}\)
Ta có : \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge4\left(a+d\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge4\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức cùng chiều ta được :
\(2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge4\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
Suy ra \(\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+d\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{4}{2}=2\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh
bạn @dcv thêm phần dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c;b=d\)
a) Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{a+b+c-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\left(p=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế:
\(2VT\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}=2VP\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
b)sai đề
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{a+d}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b-c}{c+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c-d}{d+a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{d-a}{a+b}+1\right)\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{a+c}{d+a}+\frac{b+d}{a+b}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge4\)(*)
Theo Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+c+d};\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\cdot\right)\ge\left(a+c\right).\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}+\left(b+d\right).\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}=4\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}\ge\frac{a-d}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{c+a}{d+a}+\frac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)( Cộng mỗi phân số vs 1 )
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge4\) (2)
Với a ,b ,c ,d là các số dương , áp dụng BĐT Svacsơ , ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\\\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra : \(\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{4\left(a+c\right)+4\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1\right)\)( Điều cần CM )
\(Để\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)
Thì \(\frac{a-b}{b+c}+1+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+1+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+1+\frac{d-a}{a+b}+1\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+c}+\frac{b+d}{c+d}+\frac{c+a}{d+a}+\frac{d+b}{a+b}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge4\)(Cần phải chứng minh)
Ta có : \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{d+a}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+c\right)\left(\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\right)+\left(b+d\right)\left(\frac{4}{a+b+c+d}\right)=4\)(Áp dụng Cô-si dạng phân thức)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b}{b+c}+\frac{b-c}{c+d}+\frac{c-d}{d+a}+\frac{d-a}{a+b}\ge0\)(Đpcm)
Học tốt ~~
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)-d\left(c-a\right)\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)-d\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bad+bd^2+bca+bcd-dab-dac-db^2-cbd=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bca-dca+bd^2-db^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ca-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ca=bd\Rightarrow abcd=bd^2\)
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}\)
\(>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\).
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}=\frac{a+c}{c+a}=1\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{b}{b+d}+\frac{d}{d+b}=\frac{b+d}{d+b}=1\)
Suy ra đpcm.
dựa vào tính chất hoán vị của a,b,c,d
Đặt \(a\ge b\ge c\ge d\)
tacó :
\(\frac{a}{b+c}\ge\frac{a}{a+c},\frac{c}{a+d}\ge\frac{c}{a+c}\)\(\frac{b}{c+d}\ge\frac{b}{b+d},\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{d}{b+d}\)
=>\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+d}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{d}{b+d}=\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+d}{b+d}=2\)(ĐPCM)