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ta có:
\(c+ab=c.1+ab=c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab=ca+cb+c^2+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
tương tự như vậy thì \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}};\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}};\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Đặt: \(A=\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{c}}{1+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{a}}{1+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{a}}{1+\frac{1}{c}}\)
Đặt: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
\(A=\frac{xy}{z+1}+\frac{yz}{x+1}+\frac{zx}{y+1}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{xy}{z+1}=\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{xy}{x+z}+\frac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\frac{yz}{x+1}\le\frac{yz}{x+y}+\frac{yz}{x+z}\)
\(\frac{zx}{y+1}\le\frac{zx}{x+y}+\frac{zx}{y+z}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Do \(a+b+c=1\) nên :
\(VT=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế :
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
\(VT=\frac{1}{\sqrt{abc}}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{c}}}\right)\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{abc}}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{c}}{16}\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{abc}}\)
Dấu "=" xay ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{16}{9}\)
đã bảo là 3 số thực thì có thể dương, có thể âm, có thể là 0, có thể là phân số...
Ta chứng minh:\(9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Đặt vế 1 là A, vế 2 là B ta có A-B(khai triển tung tóe ra)=\(a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+ca^2-6abc\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2b-2abc+bc^2\right)+\left(b^2c-2abc+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a-2abc+ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(b-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(c-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\ge0\).Đúng nên ta có bất đẳng thức trên
Chuyển vế ta có:\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{4\times2\times\left(a+b+c\right)}\le\frac{9}{4\times3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=\frac{9}{4\times3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy ab+bc+ca nhỏ hơn hoặc băng 3/4. bấm đúng cho mình nha
đề thi chuyên toán ak. hình như là dùng bu nhi a cốp xki. e lớp 8 ko bít
Ta cần chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)} \)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Xét c+1 = a+b+c+c
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức trên, ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\frac{bc}{a+1}\le\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab+bc}{c+a}+\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(b+a\right)}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ac}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\)
=> Điều phải chứng minh
ta có với x,y>0 thì \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)(*) dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y
áp dụng bđt (*) và do a+b+c=1 nên ta có
\(\frac{ab}{c+1}=\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(c+b\right)}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{c+b}\right)\)
tương tự ta có \(\frac{bc}{a+1}\le\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right);\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+bc}{c+a}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}+\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c+1}+\frac{bc}{a+1}+\frac{c+a}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)