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Theo BĐT Cauchy: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{ab}\le\dfrac{a}{4}+b\\\sqrt[3]{abc}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{a}{4}+b+4c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt[3]{abc}\le a+\dfrac{a}{4}+b+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{a}{4}+b+4c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1346}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)}-\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}=\dfrac{2019}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2P}{2019}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}\right)^2-2.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}+1-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2P}{2019}\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{-2019}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{-2019}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{4}=b=4c\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{16}{21}\\b=\dfrac{4}{21}\\c=\dfrac{1}{21}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:
\(1+x^3+y^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{1.x^3.y^3}=3xy\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}\ge\sqrt{3xy}\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3yz}}{yz};\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{zx}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3zx}}{zx}\)
Công vế với vế của 3 BĐT trên ta đươc:
\(P\ge\frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}+\frac{\sqrt{3yz}}{yz}+\frac{\sqrt{3zx}}{zx}=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\) \(=\sqrt{3}.\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu '='xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\xyz=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\)khi \(x=y=z=1\)
:))
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel:
\(P=\frac{a^2}{ab+2ca}+\frac{b^2}{bc+2ab}+\frac{c^2}{ca+2bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge1\)
Cộng thêm giả thiết abc=1, suy ra dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
\(P=\frac{a^3}{b^2+3}+\frac{b^3}{c^2+3}+\frac{c^3}{a^2+3}=\frac{a^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}+\frac{b^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}+\frac{c^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}\)
\(=\frac{a^3}{(b+a)(b+c)}+\frac{b^3}{(c+a)(c+b)}+\frac{c^3}{(a+b)(a+c)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
\(\frac{a^3}{(b+a)(b+c)}+\frac{b+a}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{8.8}}=\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\frac{b^3}{(c+a)(c+b)}+\frac{c+a}{8}+\frac{c+b}{8}\geq \frac{3b}{4}\)
\(\frac{c^3}{(a+b)(a+c)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\geq \frac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Cũng theo BĐT Cô-si ta có hệ quả quen thuộc
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)=9\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq 3\)
Do đó \(P\geq \frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{3}{4}$ khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^{2016}+x-2}{\sqrt{2018x+1}-\sqrt{x+2018}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{2016x^{2015}+1}{\frac{1009}{\sqrt{2018x+1}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x+2018}}}=\frac{2017}{\frac{1009}{\sqrt{2019}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2019}}}=2\sqrt{2019}\)
Để hàm liên tục tại \(x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}f\left(x\right)=f\left(1\right)\Rightarrow k=2\sqrt{2019}\)
2.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^2+ax+b}{x^2-1}=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+1=0\\\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{2x+a}{2x}=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-1\\\frac{a+2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow S=1\)
3.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\sqrt{x^2+x+2}-2+2-\sqrt[3]{7x+1}}{\sqrt{2}\left(x-1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+2}-\frac{7\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(7x+1\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{7x+1}+4}}{\sqrt{2}\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+2}-\frac{7}{\sqrt[3]{\left(7x+1\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{7x+1}+4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{12}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=1+12+0=13\)
