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\(nHCl=V_{HCl}\times CM_{HCl}=1.1mol\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\dfrac{1}{2}nHCl=nH2=0.55mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H2}=0.55\times22.4=12.32l\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{\left(muoi\right)}=m_{KL}+m_{Cl^-}=25.3+1.1\times35.5=64.35g\)
\(n_{HCl}=1,5.0,4=0,6(mol)\\ X+HCl\to muối+H_2\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=0,3(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\BTKL:m_A+m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}\\ \Rightarrow m_{muối}=35+0,6.36,5-0,3.2=56,3(g)\)
\(4.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.15.....0.3....................0.15\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(M\right)\)
\(5.\)
\(Đặt:n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=8.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+1.5b=0.25\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=b=0.1\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{5.6}{8.3}\cdot100\%=67.47\%\)
\(\%Al=32.53\%\)
bạn ơi cho mik hỏi: tại sao lại suy ra: a+1,5b=0,25 vậy ạ ? và cả bước tiếp theo nx ạ ?
Sửa: $V_{H_2}=7,168(l)$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,168}{22,4}=0,32(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,32(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to x=0,12(mol);y=0,08(mol);z=0,08(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{9,52}.100\%=30,25\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,08.56}{9,52}.100\%=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100-47,06-30,25=22,69\% \end{cases}$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,64(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,64}{0,2}=3,2M$
$\to a=3,2$
$c\bigg)$
Dung dịch sau gồm $MgCl_2,FeCl_2,AlCl_3$
Bảo toàn $Mg,Al,Fe:n_{MgCl_2}=0,12(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,08(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,12}{0,2}=0,6M$
$\to C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,2}=0,4M$
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Mg}=x;n_{Fe}=y;n_{Al}=z$
$\to 24x+56y+27z=9,52(1)$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,336}{22,4}=0,64(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{8,064}{22,4}=0,36(mol)$
BTe: $x+y+1,5z=n_{H_2}=0,64(2)$
BTe: $x+1,5y+1,5z=n_{Cl_2}=0,36(3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3)\to$ nghiệm âm, xem lại đề
\(\text{Đ}\text{ặt}:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow24a+27.1,5a=12,9\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AlCl_3\\ Mg+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)MgCl_2\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{MgCl_2}+m_{AlCl_3}=95.0,2+0,3.133,5=59,05\left(g\right)\)
Đây là bài 1
B2:
\(n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ \text{Đ}\text{ặt}:n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\left(x,y>0\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AlCl_3\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,4\\1,5x+1,5y=0,45\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m=m_{Al}+m_{Fe}=27x+56y=27.0,2+56.0,1=11\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,08}{24}=0,17\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Cl2 và O2 là a, b
Mg0-2e-->Mg+2
0,17->0,34
Al0-3e-->Al+3
0,1->0,3
Cl20 +2e--> 2Cl-
a--->2a
O20 +4e --> 2O2-
b--->4b
Bảo toàn e: 2a + 4b = 0,64
Có \(\dfrac{71a+32b}{a+b}=23,8.2=47,6\)
=> a = 0,08; b = 0,12
=> mZ = 4,08 + 2,7 + 0,08.71 + 0,12.32 = 16,3 (g)
\(n_{HCl}=2,75.0,4=1,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\frac{1,1}{2}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V=0,55.22,4=12,32\left(l\right)\)
BTKL: m A+mHCl=m muối+mH2
\(\rightarrow25,3+1,1.36,5=m_{muoi}+0,55.2\)
\(\rightarrow m_{muoi}=64,35\left(g\right)\)