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Ta có : \(\dfrac{2a}{3}=\dfrac{5b}{2}=\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{2}{5}}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{a+b}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{38}{\dfrac{19}{10}}=20\)
(vì a+b=38 )
Với \(\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=20\) thì a=30
Với \(\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{2}{5}}=20\) thì b=8
Vậy b=8 ;a=30
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>\(a=bk;c=dk\)
1: \(\dfrac{2a+3c}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{2\cdot bk+3\cdot dk}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{k\left(2b+3d\right)}{2b+3d}=k\)
\(\dfrac{2a-3c}{2b-3d}=\dfrac{2bk-3dk}{2b-3d}=\dfrac{k\left(2b-3d\right)}{2b-3d}=k\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{2a+3c}{2b+3d}=\dfrac{2a-3c}{2b-3d}\)
2: \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{4c-3d}=\dfrac{4\cdot bk-3b}{4\cdot dk-3d}=\dfrac{b\left(4k-3\right)}{d\left(4k-3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{4a+3b}{4c+3d}=\dfrac{4bk+3b}{4dk+3d}=\dfrac{b\left(4k+3\right)}{d\left(4k+3\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{4a-3b}{4c-3d}=\dfrac{4a+3b}{4c+3d}\)
3: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3bk+5b}{3bk-5b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-5\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
\(\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}=\dfrac{3dk+5d}{3dk-5d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k+5\right)}{d\left(3k-5\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}\)
4: \(\dfrac{3a-7b}{b}=\dfrac{3bk-7b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k-7\right)}{b}=3k-7\)
\(\dfrac{3c-7d}{d}=\dfrac{3dk-7d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k-7\right)}{d}=3k-7\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a-7b}{b}=\dfrac{3c-7d}{d}\)
Vì \(a,b,c>0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tc dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow P=\dfrac{abc}{2a\cdot2b\cdot2c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}3a-2b\inℚ\\2a+5b\inℚ\end{cases}}\Rightarrow5\left(3a-2b\right)+2\left(2a+5b\right)=19a\inℚ\Leftrightarrow a\inℚ\)
\(\Rightarrow-2b\inℚ\Leftrightarrow b\inℚ\).
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có :\(\dfrac{2a}{3}=\dfrac{5b}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{2}{5}}\) và \(a+b=38\)
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{a+b}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{38}{\dfrac{19}{10}}=20\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=20.\dfrac{3}{2}\\b=20.\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=30\\b=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3a-2b=3.30-2.8=74\)
Vậy...........................
Ta có : \(\dfrac{2a}{3}=\dfrac{5b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4a=15b\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{15}=\dfrac{b}{4}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{15}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{a+b}{15+4}=\dfrac{38}{19}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\cdot15=30\\b=2\cdot4=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(3a-2b=3\cdot30-2\cdot8=90-16=74\)