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\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.500.1,12}{98}=1,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ MgO+H_2SO_4 \rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\\ CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\\ TH1:axit.hết\\ n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{18-0,1.10}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)< 1,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow LoạiTH1\\ TH2:axit.dư\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40a+100b=18\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{18}.100\approx44,444\%\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}\approx55,556\%\)
\(b,m_{ddB}=m_A+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{CO_2}=18+500.1,12-0,1.44=573,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=1,12-0,3=0,82\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,82.98}{573,6}.100\approx14,01\%\\ C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{573,6}.100\approx1,935\%\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{573,6}.100\approx3,312\%\)
a, Ta có : \(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT\left(C\right):n_{MgCO3}=n_{CO2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCO3}=n.M=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)
b, Thấy sau khi phản ứng xảy ra thu được dung dịch A gồm \(MgSO_4\) và có thể còn \(H_2SO_4\) dư .
\(BTNT\left(Mg\right):n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgCO3}+n_{MgO}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:MgSO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+BaSO_4\downarrow\)
.................0,3............0,3..................0,3..................0,3.............
\(\Rightarrow m_{\downarrow}=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}+m_{BaSO4}=87,3\left(g\right)\)
Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m\downarrow=110,6\left(g\right)>87,3g\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=C_M.V=0,45>n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2pu}\left(0,3mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> Dung dịch A vẫn còn H2SO4 dư và mol BaSO4 được tạo ra tiếp là :
\(n_{BaSO4}=\dfrac{110,6-87,3}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\)
..................0,1............0,1...............0,1........................
Lại có : \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
=> Trong dung dịch B còn có Ba(OH)2 dư ( dư 0,45 - 0,3 - 0,1 = 0,05mol)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MBa\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
Vậy ...
a)
$2K + 2H_2O \to 2KOH + H_2$
$BaO + H_2O \to Ba(OH)_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_K = 2n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\%m_K = \dfrac{0,2.39}{23,1}.100\% = 33,77\%$
$\%m_{BaO} = 100\%- 33,77\% = 66,23\%$
b)
$n_{BaO} = \dfrac{23,1 - 0,2.39}{153} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 23,1 + 177,1 - 0,1.2 = 200(gam)$
$C\%_{KOH} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{200}.100\% = 5,6\%$
$C\%_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{0,1.171}{200}.100\% = 8,55\%$
c)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Ba(OH)_2} + n_{KOH} = 0,4(mol)$
$V = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8(lít) = 800(ml)$
Tiếp bài của creeper nhé:
c. Ta có: \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4,86}{81}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{ZnO}=2.0,06=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl}=0,12+0,2=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{11,68}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=12\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{292}{3}\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(D=\dfrac{\dfrac{292}{3}}{V_{dd_{HCl}}}=1,2\)(g/ml)
=> \(V_{dd_{HCl}}=81,1\left(ml\right)\)
Thí nghiệm 1:
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=500\cdot1,12=560g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{560\cdot19,6\%}{100\%}=109,76g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,1 0,3
Chất rắn không tan thu được là Ag.
Thí nghiệm 2:
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)
\(BTe:3n_{Al}+n_{Ag}=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Ag}=2\cdot0,4-3\cdot0,2=0,2mol\)
a)\(m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4g\)
\(m_{Ag}=0,2\cdot108=21,6g\)
b)Dung dịch B là \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,15 0,3 0,15
\(m_{Zn}=0,15\cdot65=9,75\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{9,75}{17,85}\cdot100\%=54,62\%\)
\(\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-54,62\%=45,38\%\)
b)\(m_{ZnO}=17,85-9,75=8,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1mol\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1 0,2
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3+0,2=0,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{0,5}{1}=0,5l=500ml\)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{10}.100\%=65\%\\\%m_{ZnO}=35\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,03.1=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}>\dfrac{0,03}{1}\), ta được HCl dư.
→ Quỳ tím chuyển đỏ do acid dư.
PTHH: \(CaO+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCO_3}=n_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CaO}=\dfrac{18-0,1\cdot84}{56}=\dfrac{6}{35}\left(mol\right)=n_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot84}{18}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=53,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề bài, ta có: \(m_{ddHNO_3}=500\cdot1,08=540\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{540\cdot12,6\%}{63}=1,08\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HNO_3\left(p.ứ\right)}=2n_{CaO}+2n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{19}{35}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{94}{175}\left(mol\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,1\cdot44=4,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=m_A+m_{ddHNO_3}-m_{CO_2}=553,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot148}{553,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,67\%\\C\%_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{6}{35}\cdot164}{553,6}\cdot100\%\approx5,08\%\\C\%_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{19}{35}\cdot63}{553,6}\cdot100\%\approx6,18\%\end{matrix}\right.\)