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\(a) Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2\\ ZnO + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2O\\ n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4} = 0,2(mol)\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,2.65}{17,05}.100\% = 76,25\%\\ \%m_{ZnO} = 100\% -76,25\% = 23,75\%\\ b) n_{Ba(NO_3)_2}= 0,2.1,5 = 0,3(mol)\ ; n_{ZnO} = \dfrac{17,05-0,2.65}{81} = 0,05(mol)\\ n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{Zn} + n_{ZnO} = 0,25(mol)\\ ZnSO_4 + Ba(NO_3)_2 \to BaSO_4 + Zn(NO_3)_2\\ n_{ZnSO_4} < n_{Ba(NO_3)_2} \to Ba(NO_3)_2\ dư\\ \)
\(n_{BaSO_4} = n_{ZnSO_4} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{BaSO_4} = 0,25.233 = 58,25(gam)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=35.2-0.2\cdot56=24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{11.2}{35.2}\cdot100\%=31.82\%\)
\(\%CuO=100-31.82=68.18\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.2+0.3=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.5\cdot98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{49}{800}\cdot100\%=6.125\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.2\cdot152=30.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0.3\cdot160=48\left(g\right)\)
a) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)
b) Tương tự câu a
a/ \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,08}{22,4}=0,1375\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) ---to---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6SO2 + 3H2O
x 3x
Cu + 2H2SO4(đ) ---to---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
y y
Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl2 + H2
x x
Cu + 2HCl -----> CuCl2 + H2
y y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=0,1375\\x+y=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,03125\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,03125.56+0,04375.64=4,55\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,03125.56.100\%}{4,55}=38,46\%\)
b, \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1,2=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(T=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1375}{0,12}=1,1458\)
=> tạo ra 2 muối là BaSO3 và Ba(HSO3)2
SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ---> BaSO3 + H2O
x x x
2SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ----> Ba(HSO3)2
y 0,5y 0,5y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1375\\x+0,5y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1025\left(mol\right)\\y=0,035\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{muối}=0,1025.217+0,5.0,035.299=27,475\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: 56nFe + 27nAl = 8,3 (1)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{7,427}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT e, có: 3nFe + 3nAl = 2nSO2 = 0,6 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ nFe = nAl = 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{8,3}.100\%\approx67,47\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx32,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464}{22,4}=0,11mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:x\left(mol\right)\\Fe:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow Muối\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\\FeSO_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTe:3x+2y=2n_{H_2}=0,22\\\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot342+y\cdot152=14,44\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04mol\\y=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,04\cdot27=1,08g\\m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3BaCl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3BaSO_4\downarrow\)
0,02 0,06
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+FeCl_2\)
0,05 0,05
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{\downarrow}=0,06+0,05=0,11\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=x=25,63g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,784}{22,4}=0,035\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
a------------------------------>a
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
b---------------------------->b
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+65b=2,14\\a+b=0,035\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,015\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ, n) ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,015--------------------------------------->0,0225
Zn + 2H2SO4(đ, n) ---> ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,02---------------------------------->0,02
=> VSO2 = (0,0225 + 0,02).22,4 = 0,952 (l)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3SO_2 \uparrow + 6H_2 O`
`0,05` `0,15` `0,025` `(mol)`
`Cu + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> CuSO_4 + SO_2 \uparrow + 2H_2 O`
`0,225` `0,45` `0,225` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[6,72]/[22,4]=0,3(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Cu]=y`
`=>` $\begin{cases} \dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,3\\56x+64y=17,2 \end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=0,05\\y=0,225 \end{cases}$
`@m_[Fe_2(SO_4)_3]=0,025.400=10(g)`
`@m_[CuSO_4]=0,225.160=36(g)`
`@m_[dd H_2 SO_4]=[(0,15+0,45).98]/80 .100=73,5(g)`
Sửa đề: 80% ---> 98% (80% chưa đặc nên không giải phóng SO2 được)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow56a+64b=17,2\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2\uparrow+6H_2O\)
a------>3a------------------->0,5a--------------->1,5a
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
b----->2b------------------->b------------->b
\(\rightarrow1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.0,05.400=10\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,225.160=36\left(g\right)\\m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,05.3+0,225.2\right).98}{98\%}=60\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)