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PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(LT\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà: H% = 80%
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{80\%}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{80\%}=0,75\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mAl = 0,25.27 = 6,75 (g)
mHCl = 0,75.36,5 = 27,375 (g)
nO2 = 1,12/22,4 = 0,05 (mol)
PTHH: 3Fe + 2O2 -> (t°) Fe3O4
Mol: 0,075 <--- 0,05 ---> 0,025
mFe = 0,075 . 56 = 4,2 (g)
mFe3O4 = 0,025 . 232 = 5,8 (g)
Ta có: \(\overline{M}=18\cdot2=36\)
PTHH: \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
+) Trường hợp 1: Hỗn hợp khí gồm CO2 và Oxi dư
PTHH: \(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)
Theo sơ đồ đường chéo: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{36-32}{44-36}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Mà \(n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}+n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(ban.đầu\right)}=\dfrac{2}{15}+\dfrac{4}{15}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{4}{15}\cdot122,5\approx32,7\left(g\right)\)
+) Trường hợp 2: Hỗn hợp khí gồm CO và CO2
PTHH: \(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)
\(2C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CO\)
Theo sơ đồ đường chéo: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{CO}}=1\) \(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{CO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,2\cdot122,5=24,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\)
0,15 0,15 ( mol )
\(m_{H_2O}=n_{H_2O}.M_{H_2O}=0,15.18=2,7g\)
\(\begin{array} {l} a)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2(mol)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4(g)\\ b)\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)\\ c)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2(mol)\\ 2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\\ \dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}<n_{O_2}\to O_2\text{ dư}\\ n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ m_{H_2O}=0,2.18=3,6(g) \end{array}\)
a: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
nên \(n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0.2\cdot127=25,4\left(g\right)\)
b: \(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(lít\right)\)
a)
SO3 + H2O $\to$ H2SO4
n H2SO4 = n SO3 = 240/80 = 3(mol)
m H2SO4 = 3.98 = 294(gam)
b)
2H2 + O2 $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ 2H2O
V H2 / 2 = 0,56 < V O2 = 1,68 nên O2 dư
n H2O = n H2 = 1,12/22,4 = 0,05(mol)
m H2O = 0,05.18 = 0,9(gam)
V H2O = m/D = 0,9/1 = 0,9(ml)
c)
n NaOH = 16/40 = 0,4(mol)
Na2O + H2O $\to$ 2NaOH
n Na2O = 1/2 n NaOH = 0,2(mol)
m Na2O = 0,2.62 = 12,4(gam)
a)Ta có PT:SO4+H2O=H2SO4
Theo bài ra t có nSO4=240:96=2,5
Mà nSo4=nH2So4=2,5 mol
suy ra:mH2So4=2,5.98=245g
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1-->0,2------>0,1-->0,1
=> VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
mZnCl2 = 0,1.136 = 13,6 (g)
b) \(C\%_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{200}.100\%=3,65\%\)
c) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) => H2 hết, O2 dư
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,1--------------->0,1
=> mH2O = 0,1.18 = 1,8 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}2H_2O\)
\(0.05...0.025......0.05\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0.05\cdot18=0.9\left(g\right)\)
\(2H_2 + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2H_2O\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)\\ m_{H_2O} = 0,05.18 = 0,9(gam)\)