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a) mBaCl2= 5,2%.400= 20,8(g) ->nBaCl2= 0,1(mol)
PTHH: BaCl2 + H2SO4 -> BaSO4 + 2 HCl
0,1_________0,1______0,1____0,2(mol)
m(kt)=mBaSO4=0,1.233=23,3(g)
b) mHCl=0,2.36,5=7,3(g)
mddHCl= 100+400-23,3= 476,7(g)
=>C%ddHCl=(23,3/476,7).100=4,888%
Dung dịch A chứa CO32- (x mol) và HCO3- (y mol)
CO32- + H+ —> HCO3-
x…………x………….x
HCO3- + H+ —> CO2 + H2O
x+y…….0,15-x
Dung dịch B tạo kết tủa với Ba(OH)2 nên HCO3- dư, vậy nCO2 = 0,15 – x = 0,045 —> x = 0,105
HCO3- + OH- + Ba2+ —> BaCO3 + H2O
—> nBaCO3 = (x + y) – (0,15 – x) = 0,15 —> y = 0,09
—> a = 20,13 gam
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
_____0,2____0,4_____0,2___0,2 (mol)
b, Ta có: m dd sau pư = mZn + m dd HCl - mH2 = 13 + 100 - 0,2.2 = 112,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{112,6}.100\%\approx24,16\%\)
c, Ta có: mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{100}.100\%=14,6\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a, PTHH: Zn + 2HCl ➝ ZnCl2 + H2
(mol) 1 2 1 1
(mol) 0.2
b, nZn=13 :65 =0.2 (mol)
Theo PTHH: nZnCl2=(0.2x1):1=0.2(mol)
→mZnCl2=0.2x(65+2x35.5)=27.2(g)
⇒C%ZnCl2=27.2:100x100=27.2(%)
c,Theo PTHH: nHCl =(0.2 x 2) :1=0.4(mol)
➝mHCl=0.4x(1+35.5)=14.6(g)
⇒C%HCl=14.6:100x100%=14.6(%)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{6,9}{23}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ddsaup.ứ}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=6,9+100-0,15.2=106,6\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{HNO_3}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được HNO3 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HNO_3\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nHNO3 (dư) = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3+0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3+0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,25.0,5=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow2NaNO_3+CO_2+H_2O\)
______0,05______0,1_______________0,05 (mol)
⇒ VCO2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)
\(Na_2CO_3+Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow2NaNO_3+BaCO_{3\downarrow}\)
0,075________0,075_______________0,075 (mol)
⇒ mBaCO3 = 0,075.197 = 14,775 (g)
nNa = 9.2/23 = 0.4 (mol)
2Na + 2H2O => 2NaOH + H2
0.4.........................0.4.......0.2
VH2 = 0.2 * 22.4 = 4.48 (l)
mNaOH = 0.4 * 40 = 16 (g)
mdd = 9.2 + 100 - 0.2 * 2 = 108.8 (g)
C% NaOH = 16 / 108.8 * 100% = 14.71%
PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH}=0,4\cdot40=16\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(saup/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=108,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{108,8}\cdot100\%\approx14,71\%\)
\(m_{KOH}=39,2g\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
- Gọi số mol mỗi muối thu được là x và y mol ( x,y > 0 )
\(Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(2KOH+CO_2\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O\)
...2x...........x...............x.....................
\(KOH+CO_2\rightarrow KHCO_3\)
..y.............y...............y................
Ta có : \(m_M=m_{K2CO3}+m_{KHCO3}=138x+100y=57,6\left(I\right)\)
Mà \(n_{KOH}=2x+y=0,7\left(II\right)\)
- Giai 1 và 2 ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) mol.
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K2CO3}=n.M=27,6\\m_{KHCO3}=n.M=30\end{matrix}\right.\) g
b, Theo PTHH : \(n_{H2SO4}=n_{CO2}=x+y=0,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=2,5M\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5\cdot10\%}{100\%}=10,95\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \text{Vì }\dfrac{n_{Mg}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\text{ nên sau p/ứ }HCl\text{ dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(b,n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{MgCl_2}}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=2,4+109,5-0,2=111,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{111,7}\cdot100\%\approx8,5\%\)
a)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO_3}=1.0,3=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + HCl --> NaCl + NaHCO3
0,45-->0,45-------------->0,45
NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O
0,15<----0,15---------->0,15
=> VCO2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
b)
nNaHCO3 = 0,6 (mol)
Bảo toàn C: nBaCO3 = 0,6 (mol)
=> mBaCO3 = 0,6.197 = 118,2 (g)
Câu 2
a)
\(m_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=10-6=4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(bd\right)}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + H2O
0,05--->0,05------->0,05
=> nH2SO4(pư) < nH2SO4(bd)
=> CuO tan hết
=> mCuO = 4 (g)
\(\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{10}.100\%=40\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-40\%=60\%\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CuSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25M\\C_{M\left(H_2SO_4.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{co_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{100.20,8\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(BaCl_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow BaCO_3+2NaCl\) (1)
Như vậy : dung dịch X gồm \(BaCO_3;NaCl;\) có thể có \(BaCl_2\) dư hoặc \(Na_2CO_3\) dư
PTHH :
\(BaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\) (2)
ctc : \(Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+CO_2+H_2O\) (3)
+) TH1 : Nếu \(BaCl_2\) dư ( không có phản ứng (3) )
Theo phương trình (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{BaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo phương trình (1) \(\Rightarrow n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,04.106=4,24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{\%ddNa_2CO_3}=\dfrac{4,24.100\%}{100}=4,24\%\)
BTKL \(\Rightarrow m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=m_{ddspứ}+m_{CO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{CO_2}=m_{ddspứ}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddspứ}=100+100+100-0,04.44=298,14\left(g\right)\)
+) TH2 : Nếu \(Na_2CO_3\) dư ( xảy ra phản ứng (3) )
Theo phương trình (1) \(\Rightarrow n_{BaCO_3}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo phương trình (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2\left(2\right)}=n_{BaCO_3\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)>0,04\left(mol\right)\) ( vô lí )
\(\Rightarrow\) TH2 loại