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So mol H+ = 0,4VA. Số mol OH- = 0,05
=> pH = 7 nên pư vừa đủ => 0,4VA = 0,05 => VA = 0,125 lít = 125 ml
1. a)
nNH3=0,03(mol) nHCl=0,015(mol)
\(\begin{matrix}NH_3&+HCl&\rightarrow&NH_4Cl&\\0,015&0,015&&0,015&\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\)
\(\begin{matrix}NH_4Cl&\rightarrow&NH_4^+&+Cl^-&\\0,015&&0,15&0,015&\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\)
Gọi x là số mol NH3 phân li(x>0), ka là hằng số axit của NH4+, kb là hằng số bazo của NH3. Theo đề ta có:
Vdd=0,05+0,15=0,2(l)
\(NH_4^+\rightarrow NH_3+H^+\left(k_a=10^{-9,24}\right)\)
⇒\(\begin{matrix}&NH_3&+H_2O\rightarrow&NH_4^+&+OH^-&k_b=\dfrac{10^{-14}}{k_a}=\dfrac{10^{-14}}{10^{-9,24}}=10^{-4,76}\\BD&0,015&&0,015&&\\PU&x&&x&x&\left(mol\right)\\CB&0,015-x&&0,015+x&x&\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}\)
Ta có: \(k_B=\dfrac{\left[NH_4^+\right]\left[OH^-\right]}{\left[NH_3\right]}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{0,015+x}{0,2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{0,2}\right)}{\dfrac{0,015-x}{0,2}}=10^{-4,76}\Rightarrow x=3,47399.10^{-6}\left(x>0\right)\)
⇒\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{3,47399.10^{-6}}{0,2}=1,736995.10^{-5}M\)
⇒\(pOH=-\log\left(\left[OH^-\right]\right)=-\log\left(1,736995.10^{-5}\right)=4,76020\)
⇒\(pH=14-pOH=14-4,76020=9,2398\)
b)
Thêm vào dung dịch 1,5.10-4 (mol) HCl:
NH3 dư tiếp tục tác dụng:
\(\begin{matrix}NH_3&+HCl&\rightarrow&NH_4Cl&&\\1,5.10^{-4}&1,5.10^{-4}&&1,5.10^{-4}&\left(mol\right)&\end{matrix}\)
\(\begin{matrix}NH_4Cl&\rightarrow&NH^+_4&+Cl^-&&\\1,5.10^{-4}&&1,5.10^{-4}&1,5.10^{-4}&\left(mol\right)&\end{matrix}\)
Gọi y là số mol NH3 phân li ở trường hợp b (y>0)
\(\begin{matrix}&NH_3&+H_2O\rightarrow&NH_4^+&+OH^-&\\BD&0,01485&&0,01515&&\\PU&y&&y&y&\left(mol\right)\\CB&0,01485-y&&0,01515+y&y&\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}k_b=10^{-4,76}\\\\\\\end{matrix}\)
Ta có: \(k_B=\dfrac{\left[NH_4^+\right]\left[OH^-\right]}{\left[NH_3\right]}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{0,01515+y}{0,2}\right)\left(\dfrac{y}{0,2}\right)}{\dfrac{0,01485-y}{0,2}}=10^{-4,76}\Rightarrow y=3,40523.10^{-6}\left(y>0\right)\)
⇒\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{3,40523.10^{-6}}{0,2}=1,70262.10^{-5}M\)
⇒\(pOH=-\log\left(\left[OH^-\right]\right)=-\log\left(1,70262.10^{-5}\right)=4,76888\)
⇒\(pH=14-pOH=14-4,76888=9,23112\)
c)
Thêm 1,5.10-4 mol NaOH
\(\begin{matrix}NH_4Cl&+NaOH&\rightarrow&NaCl&+NH_3&+H_2O\\1,5.10^{-4}&1,5.10^{-4}&&&1,5.10^{-4}&\end{matrix}\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi z là số mol NH3 phân li trong trường hợp c (z>0)
\(\begin{matrix}&NH_3&+H_2O\rightarrow&NH_4^+&+OH^-&\\BD&0,01515&&0,01485&&\\PU&z&&z&z&\left(mol\right)\\CB&0,01515-z&&0,01485+z&z&\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}k_b=10^{-4,76}\\\\\\\end{matrix}\)
Ta có: \(k_B=\dfrac{\left[NH_4^+\right]\left[OH^-\right]}{\left[NH_3\right]}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{0,01485+z}{0,2}\right)\left(\dfrac{z}{0,2}\right)}{\dfrac{0,01515-z}{0,2}}=10^{-4,76}\Rightarrow z=3,54414.10^{-6}\left(z>0\right)\)
⇒\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{3,54414.10^{-6}}{0,2}=1,77207.10^{-5}M\)
⇒\(pOH=-\log\left(\left[OH^-\right]\right)=-\log\left(1,77207.10^{-5}\right)=4,75152\)
⇒\(pH=14-pOH=14-4,75152=9,24848\)
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}{{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{HCl}}}}{\rm{ = 0}}{\rm{,5}}{\rm{.0}}{\rm{,2 = 0}}{\rm{,1 (mol)}}\\{{\rm{V}}_{{\rm{dd}}}}{\rm{ = 0}}{\rm{,5 + 0}}{\rm{,5 = 1 (l)}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{(HCl) = }}\frac{{{\rm{0}}{\rm{,1}}}}{{\rm{1}}}{\rm{ = 0}}{\rm{,1 (M)}}\\{\rm{HCl}} \to {{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + C}}{{\rm{l}}^{\rm{ - }}}\\{\rm{0}}{\rm{,1}} \to {\rm{ 0}}{\rm{,1}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{(}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{) = (HCl) = 0}}{\rm{,1 (M)}}\end{array}\)
\( \Rightarrow \) pH = -lg(0,1) = 1
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\rm{pH = 12}} \Rightarrow {\rm{(}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{) = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 12}}}}{\rm{(M)}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{(O}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ - }}}{\rm{) = }}\frac{{{\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 14}}}}}}{{{\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 12}}}}}}{\rm{ = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 2}}}}{\rm{(M)}}\\{\rm{NaOH}} \to {\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + O}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ - }}}\\{10^{ - 2}} \leftarrow {\rm{ }}{10^{ - 2}}\\ \Rightarrow {\rm{(NaOH) = (O}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ - }}}{\rm{) = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 2}}}}{\rm{(M)}}\\ \Rightarrow {{\rm{n}}_{{\rm{NaOH}}}}{\rm{ = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 2}}}}{\rm{.0}}{\rm{,1 = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 3}}}}{\rm{(mol)}}\\ \Rightarrow {{\rm{m}}_{{\rm{NaOH}}}}{\rm{ = 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 3}}}}{\rm{.40 = 0}}{\rm{,04(g)}}\end{array}\)
a, \(K_2SO_4\rightarrow2K^++SO_4^{2-}\)
___0,5_______1______0,5_ (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[K^+\right]=\frac{1}{2}=0,5M\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\frac{0,5}{2}=0,25M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{OH^-}=n_{K^+}=n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
______0,2_____0,1_________ (mol)
⇒ OH- dư. ⇒ nOH- (dư) = 0,1 (mol)
Dd X gồm: K+; Cl- và OH-(dư).
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[K^+\right]=\frac{0,2}{0,3}=\frac{2}{3}M\\\left[Cl^-\right]=\frac{0,1}{0,3}=\frac{1}{3}M\\\left[OH^-\right]_{\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,1}{0,3}=\frac{1}{3}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,0005.0,5=0,00025\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=2.0,0005.0,5=0,0005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}+n_{HCl}=1.0,1+1.0,05=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_3^-}=n_{HNO_3}=1.0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cl^-}=n_{HCl}=1.0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
____0,0005____0,15_________ (mol)
⇒ H+ dư. ⇒ nH+ (dư) = 0,1495 (mol)
Dd D gồm: Ba2+; NO3-; Cl- và H+(dư)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\frac{0,00025}{1,0005}\approx2,5.10^{-4}M\\\left[NO_3^-\right]=\frac{0,1}{1,0005}\approx0,09M\\\left[Cl^-\right]=\frac{0,05}{1,0005}\approx0,049M\\\left[H^+\right]_{\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,1495}{1,0005}\approx0,15M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Mà phần c số lẻ quá, không biết đề là 0,5 ml hay 0,5 lít bạn nhỉ?
HCl\(\rightarrow\)H+ + Cl-
\(\rightarrow\) [H+]=CM HCl=0,1 M
\(\rightarrow\)pH=-log[H+]=1M