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Giả sử có 1 mol Fe tác dụng
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
1---->3----------->0,5------->1,5
Giả sử khối lượng dd H2SO4 78,4% là m (gam)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{m.78,4}{100}=0,784m\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,784m-3.98=0,784m-294\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 1.56 + m - 1,5.64 = m - 40 (g)
Do C% của Fe2(SO4)3 và H2SO4 dư là bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
=> 400.0,5 = 0,784m - 294
=> m = \(\dfrac{30875}{49}\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = \(\dfrac{28915}{49}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{200}{\dfrac{28915}{49}}.100\%=33,89\%\)
a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
a--->a---------->a-------->a
Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
b--->b----------->b------>b
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=98a+98b\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(98a+98b\right).100}{19,6}=500a+500b\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 24a + 56b + 500a + 500b - 2a - 2b = 522a + 554b (g)
Có: \(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{152b}{522a+554b}.100\%=7,17\%\)
=> a = 3b
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120a}{522a+554b}.100\%=16,98\%\)
b)
Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\24a+56b=1,92\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,045; b = 0,015
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + CuSO4 --> MgSO4 + Cu
0,045->0,045----->0,045
Fe + CuSO4 --> FeSO4 + Cu
0,015-->0,015----->0,015
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CuSO_4\left(dư\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4M\\C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,045}{0,1}=0,45M\\C_{M\left(FeSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,015}{0,1}=0,15M\end{matrix}\right.\)
a,\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 →CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,25 0,25 0,25
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{19,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
b,mdd sau pứ = 20+125 = 145 (g)
\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.160.100\%}{145}=27,59\%\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2\)
0,3125 0,3125 0,3125 (mol)
a)\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{20}{64}=0,3125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3125.98=30,625\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{30,625}{19,6}.100=156,25\left(g\right)\)
b)\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3125.160=50\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddCuSO_4}=20+156,25=176,25\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{50}{176,25}.100\approx28,37\%\)
Bài 2:
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
c) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)