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\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=27a+56b=19.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0.2\cdot2+0.2\cdot2.25\cdot2=1.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6H^+\rightarrow2Al^{3+}+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2H^+\rightarrow Fe^{2+}+H_2\)
\(n_{H^+}=3a+2b=1.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.2\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.3\cdot27}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)
\(\%Fe=58.04\%\)
\(b.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=0.65\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Muối}=19.3+0.4\cdot36.5+0.45\cdot98-0.65\cdot2=76.7\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____________________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a (mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b____________________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2 còn dư, tính theo CuO
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi n Al = a ( mol ) , n Fe = b ( mol )
Có: n H2 = 0,4 ( mol )
PTHH
2AL + 6HCL ===> 2ALCL3 + 3H2
a--------------------------------------a
Fe + 2HCl ====> FeCL2 + H2
b------------------------------------b
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m AL = 5,4 ( g ) ; m Fe = 5,6 ( g )
b) Có : n CuO = 0,2 ( mol )
PTHH:
CuO + H2 ====> Cu +H2O
0,2----0,2-----------0,2
theo pthh: n Cu = 0,2 ( mol ) => m Cu = 12,8 ( g )
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b+27b=35.7\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21.84}{22.4}=0.975\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuCl_2\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)
\(Al+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}AlCl_3\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+1.5b+1.5c=0.975\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{hh}=ka+kb+kc=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=kb+k\cdot1.5c=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-0.25b-0.875c=0\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right):a=0.3,b=0.15,c=0.3\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.3\cdot64}{35.7}\cdot100\%=53.78\%\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.15\cdot56}{35.7}\cdot100\%=23.52\%\)
\(\text{%Al=22.7%}\)
a) Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
x____2x______x____x(mol)
2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
y____3y______y________1,5y(mol)
b) nH2= 0,05(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=1,66\\x+1,5y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe=0,02.56= 1,12(g)
mAl=0,02.27=0,54(g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
a. \(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,03
Fe không pứ với dd NaOH
b. \(\%_{m_{Al}}=\dfrac{0,02.27.100}{0,78}=69,23\%\)
=> \(\%_{m_{Fe}}=100-69,23=30,77\%\)