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\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\a, \Rightarrow n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{CaCO_3}=100.0,1=10\left(g\right)\\b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{CO_2}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{CaCl_2}=111.0,1=11,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1 1
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
a) \(n_{CaCO3}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CaCO3}=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{CaCl2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{CaCl2}=0,1.111=11,1\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
a) Bảo toàn nguyên tố H : \(n_{HCl}.1=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> nH2=0,3(mol)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{ct}=m_{kl}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=10,4+0,6.36,5-0,3.2=31,7\left(g\right)\)
a, \(C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\)
b, \(n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=2n_{C_2H_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,4.44=17,6\left(g\right)\)
c, \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,4.100=40\left(g\right)\)
a)
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
b)
Ta thấy :
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{2,6}{65} = 0,04 < n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{200.2,45\%}{98}= 0,05$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,04(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,04.22,4 = 0,896(lít)$
c)
Dung dịch X chứa :
$n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{Zn} = 0,04(mol) \Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4} = 0,04.161 = 6,44(gam)$
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,05 - 0,04 = 0,01(mol) \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,01.98 = 0,98(gam)$
d)
Cách 1 :
$m_{dd} = 2,6 + 200 - 0,04.2 = 202,52(gam)$
Cách 2 :
Trong dd $H_2SO_4$ : $m_{H_2O} = 200 - 0,05.98 = 195,1(gam)$
Suy ra:
$m_{dd} = m_{chất\ tan} + m_{H_2O} = 6,44 + 0,98 + 195,1 = 202,52(gam)$
e)
$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,98}{202,52}.100\% = 0,48\%$
$C\%_{ZnSO_4} = \dfrac{6,44}{202,52}.100\% = 3,18\%$
a, \(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(V=V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{mengiam}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{C_2H_5OH}=n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,2.46=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddC_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{9,2}{0,8}=11,5\left(ml\right)\)
n HCl = \(0,796.2\) =1,592 (mol)
n H2 = \(\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}\)=0,195 (mol)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H
=> n H2O =\(\dfrac{1,592-0,195.2}{2}\) = 0,601 (mol)
=> m H2O = 10,818 g
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :
m muối khan = m hỗn hợp + m axit - m H2O - mH2
=> 26,43 + 1,592.36,5 - 10,818 - 0,195.2
= 73,33 g
a) Số mol nhôm tham gia phản ứng là \(n_{Al}=\frac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\frac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Tỉ lệ mol: 2 : 6 : 2 : 3
PỨ mol: 0,2 : ? : ? : ?
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\frac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Thể tích khí sinh ra ở đktc là \(V=V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
Vậy \(V=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) Từ PTHH, ta suy ra số mol HCl tham gia phản ứng là \(n_{HCl}=\frac{0,2.6}{2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng mol của HCl là \(M_{HCl}=M_H+M_{Cl}=1+35,5=36,5\left(g/mol\right)\)
Khối lượng HCl tham gia phản ứng là \(m_{HCl}=n_{HCl}.M_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
c) Từ PTHH, ta suy ra số mol \(AlCl_3\)sinh ra là \(n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng mol của \(AlCl_3\)là \(M_{AlCl_3}=M_{Al}+3.M_{Cl}=27+3.35,5=133,5\left(g/mol\right)\)
Khối lượng \(AlCl_3\)tham gia phản ứng là \(m_{AlCl_3}=n_{AlCl_3}.M_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)