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Ta có: \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ac=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)(1)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\)xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=ab+bc+ca-\left(a+b+c\right)+1=3a^2-3a+1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{3}a\right)^2-2.\sqrt{3}a.\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{3}a-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
(Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}a-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\)
hay \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
giả thiết \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\) (biến đổi tương đương)
Thay xuống: \(M=3a^2-3a+1=3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{1}{2}\)
P/s; hướng làm là đưa về 1 biến như vậy đó, khi tính toán có thể có sai số, bạn tự check lại.
Theo đề, ta có \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\).Thay vào M đc
\(M=3a^2-3a+1=3\left(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy MIN M là 1/4 khi a=b=c=1/2
làm cái đề ra ấy, ngại viết lại đề :P
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1^{2018}+1^{2019}+1^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\right)-\left(2ab+2bc+2ca\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\)\(\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a-b\right)^{2015}+\left(b-c\right)^{2016}+\left(c-a\right)^{2017}=0\)
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=3a^2-3a+1=3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)