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a, 2\(xy\) - 2\(x\) + 3\(y\) = -9
(2\(xy\) - 2\(x\)) + 3\(y\) - 3 = -12
2\(x\)(\(y-1\)) + 3(\(y-1\)) = -12
(\(y-1\))(2\(x\) + 3) = -12
Ư(12) = {-12; -6; -4; -3; -2; -1; 1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 12}
Lập bảng ta có:
| \(y\)-1 | -12 | -6 | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 12 |
| \(y\) | -11 | -5 | -3 | -2 | -1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 13 |
| 2\(x\)+3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 12 | -12 | -6 | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 |
| \(x\) | -1 | -\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) | 0 | \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) | \(-\dfrac{15}{2}\) | \(-\dfrac{9}{2}\) | -\(\dfrac{7}{2}\) | -3 | \(-\dfrac{5}{2}\) | -2 |
Theo bảng trên ta có: Các cặp \(x\);\(y\) nguyên thỏa mãn đề bài là:
(\(x;y\)) = (-1; -11); (0; -3); (-3; 5); ( -2; 13)
b, (\(x+1\))2(\(y\) - 3) = -4
Ư(4) = {-4; -2; -1; 1; 2; 4}
Lập bảng ta có:
| \(\left(x+1\right)^2\) | - 4(loại) | -2(loại) | -1(loại) | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| \(x\) | 0 | \(\pm\)\(\sqrt{2}\)(loại) | 1; -3 | |||
| \(y-3\) | 1 | 2 | 4 | -4 | -2 | -1 |
| \(y\) | -1 | 2 |
Theo bảng trên ta có: các cặp \(x;y\) nguyên thỏa mãn đề bài là:
(\(x;y\)) = (0; -1); (-3; 2); (1; 2)
Bài 1:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)
Giải:
a) \(\dfrac{-5}{8}=\dfrac{x}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{16.-5}{8}=-10\)
\(\dfrac{3x}{9}=\dfrac{2}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{2.9}{6}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
b) \(\dfrac{x+3}{15}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+3=\dfrac{1.15}{3}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(\dfrac{6}{2x+1}=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1=\dfrac{6.7}{2}=21\)
\(\Rightarrow x=10\)
c) \(\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{x-6}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\)
\(\Rightarrow x-6=\dfrac{18.4}{-12}=-6\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{24}=\dfrac{-12}{18}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{-12.24}{18}=-16\)
\(\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3-x}{-12}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-x=\dfrac{192.-12}{-72}=32\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-29\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{16}{y+1}=\dfrac{192}{-72}\)
\(\Rightarrow y+1=\dfrac{16.-72}{192}=-6\)
d) \(\dfrac{-2}{3}< \dfrac{x}{5}< \dfrac{-1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-20}{30}< \dfrac{6x}{30}< \dfrac{-5}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow6x\in\left\{-18;-12;-6\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-3;-2;-1\right\}\)
\(\dfrac{-1}{5}\le\dfrac{x}{8}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-8}{40}\le\dfrac{5x}{40}\le\dfrac{10}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow5x\in\left\{-5;0;5;10\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2\right\}\)
e) \(\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=x+\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+46}{20}=\dfrac{5x+2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow5.\left(x+46\right)=20.\left(5x+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5x+230=100x+40\)
\(\Rightarrow5x-100x=40-230\)
\(\Rightarrow-95x=-190\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-190:-95\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(y\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow y+\dfrac{5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y^2+5}{y}=\dfrac{86}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2+5=86\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2=86-5\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2=81\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\y=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Bài 2:
a: =>x=0 hoặc x+3=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=-3
b: =>x-2=0 hoặc 5-x=0
=>x=2 hoặc x=5
c: =>x-1=0
hay x=1
Lời giải:
a. $(x^2-9)(5x+15)=0$
$\Rightarrow x^2-9=0$ hoặc $5x+15=0$
Nếu $x^2-9=0$
$\Rightarrow x^2=9=3^2=(-3)^2$
$\Rightarrow x=3$ hoặc $-3$
Nếu $5x+15=0$
$\Rightarrow x=-3$
b.
$x^2-8x=0$
$\Rightarrow x(x-8)=0$
$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x-8=0$
$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=8$
c.
$5+12(x-1)^2=53$
$12(x-1)^2=53-5=48$
$(x-1)^2=48:12=4=2^2=(-2)^2$
$\Rightarrow x-1=2$ hoặc $x-2=-2$
$\Rightarrow x=3$ hoặc $x=0$
d.
$(x-5)^2=36=6^2=(-6)^2$
$\Rightarrow x-5=6$ hoặc $x-5=-6$
$\Rightarrow x=11$ hoặc $x=-1$
e.
$(3x-5)^3=64=4^3$
$\Rightarrow 3x-5=4$
$\Rightarrow 3x=9$
$\Rightarrow x=3$
f.
$4^{2x}+2^{4x+3}=144$
$2^{4x}+2^{4x}.8=144$
$2^{4x}(1+8)=144$
$2^{4x}.9=144$
$2^{4x}=144:9=16=2^4$
$\Rightarrow 4x=4\Rightarrow x=1$
\(\left(x-3\right)\left(x-12\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\x-12=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\\x=12\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{3;12\right\}\)
\(\left(x^2-81\right)\left(x^2+9\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-81=0\\x^2+9=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=9\\x\in\varnothing\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=9\)
\(\Rightarrow x=9\)
\(\left(x-4\right)\left(x+2\right)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-4\\x+2\end{cases}}\)trái dấu
\(TH1:\hept{\begin{cases}x-4>0\\x+2< 0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>4\\x< -2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
\(TH2:\hept{\begin{cases}x-4< 0\\x+2>0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x< 4\\x>-2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2;3\right\}\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{-1;0;1;2;3\right\}\)