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a) = x^2 - 2x + 1 + 4y^2 + 4y + 1
= ( x - 1 )^2 + ( 2y + 1 )^2
b) = 4x^2 + 4x +1 + 4y^2 + 4y + 1
= ( 2x + 1 )^2 + ( 2y + 1 )^2
c) = 9x^2 - 12x + 4 + 16y^2 - 24y + 9
=( 3x - 2 )^2 + ( 4y - 3 )^2
d) = 4x^2 + 4xy+ y^2 + x^2 - 2xz + z^2
= ( 2x + y )^2 + ( x - z )^2
1) a thỏa mãn: a2 + a + 1 = 0, rõ ràng a khác 0. Chia cả 2 vế cho a ta được: \(a+\frac{1}{a}=-1\)
- Mặt khác ta có: \(\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^3=-1\Rightarrow a^3+3\cdot\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{a^3}=-1\Rightarrow a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}=2\)
- \(\Rightarrow\left(a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}\right)^2=4\Rightarrow a^6+\frac{1}{a^6}=2\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a^6+\frac{1}{a^6}\right)\left(a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}\right)=4\Rightarrow a^9+\frac{1}{a^9}+a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}=4\Rightarrow a^9+\frac{1}{a^9}=2\)
- ... \(\Rightarrow a^{3k}+\frac{1}{a^{3k}}=2\)
- \(\Rightarrow a^{2013}+\frac{1}{a^{2013}}=2\)
2) Từ: \(x^2+x^2y^2-2y=0\Rightarrow x^2\left(y^2+1\right)=2y\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{2y}{y^2+1}\)
Với mọi y thì: \(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow2y\le y^2+1\Leftrightarrow\frac{2y}{y^2+1}\le1\)Do đó \(x^2=\frac{2y}{y^2+1}\le1\Rightarrow-1\le x\le1\)(1)
Mặt khác: \(x^3+2y^2-4y+3=0\Leftrightarrow x^3+1+2\left(y-1\right)^2=0\)(2)
Từ (1) => \(x^3+1\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow VT\left(2\right)\ge VP\left(2\right)\forall x;y\)
Để TM (2) thì dấu "=" xảy ra, khi đó x = -1; y = 1
và suy ra \(Q=x^2+y^2=2\)
a) \(5x^2-2x\left(3x+\frac{3}{2}\right)=-x^2-3x=-x\left(x+3\right)=-3\left(3+3\right)=-18\)
b) \(3x\left(x-4y\right)-\frac{12}{5}y\left(y-5x\right)=3x^2-\frac{12}{5}y^2=3\left(x^2-\frac{4}{5}y^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(4^2-\frac{4}{5}.5^2\right)=3.\left(-4\right)=-12\)
c) \(\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x+7\right)\left(x-7\right)=x^2-4x+4-x^2+49=-4x+53=-4.3+53=41\)
d) \(x^2+12x+36=\left(x+6\right)^2=\left(64+6\right)^2=70^2=4900\)
e) \(\left(x-3\right)^2-\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=x^2-6x+9-x^2+16=-6x+25=-6\left(-1\right)+25\)
= 31
f) \(\left(3x+2y\right)^2-4y\left(3x+y\right)=9x^2+12xy+4y^2-12xy-4y^2=9x^2=9\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2=1\)
a) \(12x^5y+24x^4y^2+12x^3y^3\)
\(=12x^3y\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=12x^3y\left(x+y\right)^2\)
b) \(x^2-2xy-4+y^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-2^2\)
\(=\left(x-y-2\right)\left(x-y+2\right)\)
g) \(12xy-12xz+3x^2y-3x^2z\)
\(=12x\left(y-z\right)+3x^2\left(y-z\right)\)
\(=3x\left(4+x\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
e) \(16x^2-9\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(4x\right)^2-\left[3\left(x+y\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left(4x-3\left(x+y\right)\right)\left(4x+3\left(x+y\right)\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(7x+y\right)\)
d) làm tương tự như phần g chỉ khác là phải nhóm( nhóm xen kẽ), phần f cũng vậy
\(a,x^2-y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)=\left(87+13\right)\left(87-13\right)=100.74=7400\)\(b,x^3-3x^2+3x-1=\left(x-1\right)^3=\left(101-1\right)^3=100^3=1000000\)c,\(x^3+9x^2+27x+27=\left(x+3\right)^3=\left(97+3\right)^3=1000000\)
a) x2 - y2 = (x+y)(x-y)
Thay x=87; y=13 có:
(87+13)(87-13) = 100.74 = 7400
b)x3-3x2+3x-1 = x3 - 3x2.1+ 3x .12 -13 = (x-1)3
Thay x=101 có:
(101-1)3 =1003 =1000000
c)x3+9x2+27x+27= x3 +3x2.1+3x.12+33= (x+3)3
Thay x=97 có:
(97+3)3= 1003=1000000
3, \(C=x^2-8xy+16y^2\)
\(C=x^2-2\cdot4y\cdot x+\left(4y\right)^2\)
\(C=\left(x-4y\right)^2\)
Thay \(x-4y=5\) vào C ta được:
\(C=5^2=25\)
Vậy: ......
4, \(D=9x^2+1620-12xy+4y^2\)
\(D=\left(9x^2-12xy+4y^2\right)+1620\)
\(D=\left[\left(3x\right)^2-2\cdot3x\cdot2y+\left(2y\right)^2\right]+1620\)
\(D=\left(3x-2y\right)^2+1620\)
Thay \(3x-2y=20\) vào D ta được:
\(D=20^2+1620=400+1620=2020\)
Vậy: ...
3/
\(C=x^2-8xy+16y^2=x^2-2.4.xy+\left(4y\right)^2=\left(x-4y\right)^2\)
Thay x - 4y = 5 ta có: \(C=5^2=25\)
4/
\(D=9x^2-12xy+4y^2+1620\\ =\left(3x\right)^2-3.2.2xy+\left(2y\right)^2+1620\\ =\left(3x-2y\right)^2+1620\)
Thay 3x - 2y = 20. Ta có: \(D=20^2+1620=400+1620=2020\)