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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{\tan ^2x-\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+\frac{\cot ^2x-\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}-\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+\frac{\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}-\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}\) \(=\frac{1}{\cos ^2x}-\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+\frac{1}{\sin ^2x}-\frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}\)
\(=\frac{\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x}{\cos ^2x}-\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+\frac{\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}-\frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}\)
\(=1+\frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}-\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}+1+\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x}-\frac{\sin ^2x}{\cos ^2x}\)
\(=1+1=2\)
Vậy biểu thức đã cho độc lập với $x$
a/
\(\frac{1}{sinx}+\frac{cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1+cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1+2cos^2\frac{x}{2}-1}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{2cos^2\frac{x}{2}}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{cos\frac{x}{2}}{sin\frac{x}{2}}=cot\frac{x}{2}\)
b/
\(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1-\left(1-2sin^2\frac{x}{2}\right)}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{2sin^2\frac{x}{2}}{2sin\frac{x}{2}cos\frac{x}{2}}=\frac{sin\frac{x}{2}}{cos\frac{x}{2}}=tan\frac{x}{2}\)
c/
\(tan\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{cosx}+1\right)=\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}\right)\left(\frac{1}{cosx}+1\right)=\frac{\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx\right)}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{1-cos^2x}{sinx.cosx}\)
\(=\frac{sin^2x}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{sinx}{cosx}=tanx\)
d/
\(\frac{sin2a}{2cosa\left(1+cosa\right)}=\frac{2sina.cosa}{2cosa\left(1+2cos^2\frac{a}{2}-1\right)}=\frac{sina}{2cos^2\frac{a}{2}}=\frac{2sin\frac{a}{2}cos\frac{a}{2}}{2cos^2\frac{a}{2}}=tan\frac{a}{2}\)
e/
\(cotx+tan\frac{x}{2}=\frac{cosx}{sin}+\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{cosx+1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{1}{sinx}\)
Các câu c, e đều sử dụng kết quả từ câu b
f/
\(3-4cos2x+cos4x=3-4cos2x+2cos^22x-1\)
\(=2cos^22x-4cos2x+2=2\left(cos^22x-2cos2x+1\right)\)
\(=2\left(cos2x-1\right)^2=2\left(1-2sin^2x-1\right)^2\)
\(=2.\left(-2sin^2x\right)^2=8sin^4x\)
g/
\(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{sin^2x}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{1-cos^2x}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx\right)}=\frac{sinx}{1+cosx}\)
h/
\(sinx+cosx=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+cosx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.cos\frac{\pi}{4}+cosx.sin\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
i/
\(sinx-cosx=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-cosx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(sinx.cos\frac{\pi}{4}-cosx.sin\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
j/
\(cosx-sinx=\sqrt{2}\left(cosx.\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-sinx\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{2}\left(cosx.cos\frac{\pi}{4}-sinx.sin\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{2sinx.cosx+sinx}{1+2cos^2x-1+cosx}=\frac{sinx\left(2cosx+1\right)}{cosx\left(2cosx+1\right)}=\frac{sinx}{cosx}=tanx\)
\(B=\frac{cosa}{sina}\left(\frac{1+sin^2a}{cosa}-cosa\right)=\frac{cosa}{sina}\left(\frac{1+sin^2a-cos^2a}{cosa}\right)=\frac{cosa}{sina}.\frac{2sin^2a}{cosa}=2sina\)
\(C=\frac{1+cos2x+cosx+cos3x}{2cos^2x-1+cosx}=\frac{1+2cos^2x-1+2cos2x.cosx}{cos2x+cosx}=\frac{2cosx\left(cosx+cos2x\right)}{cos2x+cosx}=2cosx\)
\(D=\frac{2sinx.cosx.\left(-tanx\right)}{-tanx.sinx}-2cosx=2cosx-2cosx=0\)
\(E=cos^2x.cot^2x-cot^2x+cos^2x+2cos^2x+2sin^2x\)
\(E=cot^2x\left(cos^2x-1\right)+cos^2x+2=\frac{cos^2x}{sin^2x}\left(-sin^2x\right)+cos^2x+2=2\)
\(F=\frac{sin^2x\left(1+tan^2x\right)}{cos^2x\left(1+tan^2x\right)}=\frac{sin^2x}{cos^2x}=tan^2x\)
Câu G mẫu số có gì đó sai sai, sao lại là \(2sina-sina?\)
\(H=sin^4\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+a\right)-cos^4\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}-a\right)+1=cos^4a-sin^4a+1\)
\(=\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)\left(cos^2a+sin^2a\right)+1=cos^2a-\left(1-cos^2a\right)+1=2cos^2a\)
Câu a)
Từ \(\tan a=3\Leftrightarrow \frac{\sin a}{\cos a}=3\Rightarrow \sin a=3\cos a\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a}{2\sin ^2a-\cos ^2a}=\frac{3\cos a\cos a+\cos ^2a}{2(3\cos a)^2-\cos ^2a}\)
\(=\frac{\cos ^2a(3+1)}{\cos ^2a(18-1)}=\frac{4}{17}\)
Câu b)
Có: \(\cot \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)=\tan x=\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\)
\(\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)=-\sin x\)
\(\Rightarrow \cot \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)=\frac{-\sin ^2x}{\cos x}\)
Và:
\(\frac{\sin (\pi-x)\cot x}{1-\sin ^2x}=\frac{\sin x\cot x}{\cos^2x}=\frac{\sin x.\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}}{\cos^2x}=\frac{1}{\cos x}\)
Do đó:
\(\Rightarrow \cot \left(\frac{\pi}{2}-x\right)\cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}+x\right)+\frac{\sin (\pi-x)\cot x}{1-\sin ^2x}=\frac{1-\sin ^2x}{\cos x}=\frac{\cos ^2x}{\cos x}=\cos x\)
Ta có đpcm.
Giả sử tất cả các biểu thức đều xác định
a/
\(tan^2x-sin^2x=\frac{sin^2x}{cos^2x}-sin^2x=sin^2x\left(\frac{1}{cos^2x}-1\right)\)
\(=sin^2x\left(\frac{1-cos^2x}{cos^2x}\right)=sin^2x.\frac{sin^2x}{cos^2x}=sin^2x.tan^2x\)
b/
\(tanx+cotx=\frac{sinx}{cosx}+\frac{cosx}{sinx}=\frac{sin^2x+cos^2x}{sinx.cosx}=\frac{1}{sinx.cosx}\)
c/
\(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{sin^2x}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{1-cos^2x}=\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx\right)}=\frac{sinx}{1+cosx}\)
d/
\(\frac{1}{1+tanx}+\frac{1}{1+cotx}=\frac{1}{1+tanx}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{tanx}}=\frac{1}{1+tanx}+\frac{tanx}{1+tanx}=\frac{1+tanx}{1+tanx}=1\)
e/
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{cosx}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{cosx}\right)+tan^2x=1-\frac{1}{cos^2x}+tan^2x\)
\(=\frac{cos^2x-1}{cos^2x}+tan^2x=\frac{-sin^2x}{cos^2x}+tan^2x=-tan^2x+tan^2x=0\)
\(D=\frac{9sin^2x-4cos^2x}{3sin^2x+2cos^2x}=\frac{\frac{9sin^2x}{cos^2x}-\frac{4cos^2x}{cos^2x}}{\frac{3sin^2x}{cos^2x}+\frac{2cos^2x}{cos^2x}}=\frac{9tan^2x-4}{3tan^2x+2}=\frac{77}{29}\)
\(\frac{\left(sin^2x\right)^2}{\frac{1}{3}}+\frac{\left(cos^2x\right)^2}{1}\ge\frac{\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^2}{\frac{1}{3}+1}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(3sin^2x=cos^2x\)
\(\Rightarrow cos^4x=9sin^4x\Rightarrow3sin^4x+9sin^4x=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow sin^4x=\frac{1}{16}\Rightarrow cos^4x=\frac{9}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{16}+\frac{27}{16}=\frac{7}{4}\)