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a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\sqrt{3}y=0\\\sqrt{3}x+2y=1+\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3}x-3y=0\\\sqrt{3}x+2y=1+\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy phương trình dưới trừ phương trình trên thu được: \(5y=1+\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{5}\Rightarrow x=\sqrt{3}y=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}}{5}\)
b) Cộng hai phương trình lại với nhau thu được:
\(\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)x=\sqrt{2}+1\Leftrightarrow x=1\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{5}}\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x+\sqrt{5}y=2\\x+\sqrt{5}y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy phương trình trên trừ phương trình dưới:
\(\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{2-x}{\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\)
d) Hướng dẫn. Nhân phương trình đầu với \(\sqrt{2}\) rồi lấy phương trình thu được trừ phương trình dưới.
1) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{y}=15\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11\sqrt{x}=33\\3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=3\\\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{x+3}+4\sqrt{y+1}=-4\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=0\\x+3=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Đk: \(x,y\ge0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}\ge0+1=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}\ge0+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=0,\sqrt{x+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}=0,\sqrt{y+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<tmđk>
Vậy hệ pt có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(0;0\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+2}{y-1}=\dfrac{x-4}{y+2}\\\dfrac{2x+3}{y-1}=\dfrac{4x+1}{2y+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)=\left(y-1\right)\left(x-\text{4}\right)\\\left(2x+3\right)\left(2y+1\right)=\left(y-1\right)\left(4x+1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+2x+2y+4=xy-4y-x+4\\4xy+2x+6y+3=4xy-4x+y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+6y=0\\6x+5y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{8}{7}\\y=\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)(TM)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left(x-y\right)-3\left(2x+3y\right)=12\\3\left(x+2y\right)-4\left(x+2y\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-5y-6x-9y=12\\3x+6y-4x-8y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-14y=12\\-x-2y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{26}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{7}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy HPT có nghiệm (x;y) = (\(-\dfrac{26}{3};-\dfrac{7}{12}\))
2) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x-1}-\sqrt{2y+1}=1\\2\sqrt{3x-1}+3\sqrt{2y+1}=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{3x-1}-2\sqrt{2y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{3x-1}+3\sqrt{2y+1}=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5\sqrt{2y+1}=-10\\\sqrt{3x-1}-\sqrt{2y+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2y+1}=2\\\sqrt{3x-1}-2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y+1=4\\3x-1=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=3\\3x=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{10}{3}\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y-3}=3\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x-2}+2\sqrt{y-3}=6\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\sqrt{y-3}=10\\\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y-3}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y-3}=2\\\sqrt{x-2}+2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-3=4\\x-2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=7\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5}x-y=\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{15}x-2\sqrt{3}\cdot y=2\sqrt{15}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\\2\sqrt{15}x+15y=21\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{3}y-15y=2\sqrt{45}-2\sqrt{15}-21\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\left(-2\sqrt{3}-15\right)=-15\sqrt{5}-2\sqrt{15}\\2\sqrt{3}\cdot x+3\sqrt{5}\cdot y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{15\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{15}}{2\sqrt{3}+15}=\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x+3\sqrt{5}\cdot y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\sqrt{5}\\2\sqrt{3}x=21-3\sqrt{5}\cdot\sqrt{5}=21-15=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\sqrt{5}\\x=\dfrac{6}{2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,7x-2y=3,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8,5x-10y=19\\4,2x+10y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8,5x-10y+4,2x+10y=19,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12,7x=19,8\\2,1x+5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{198}{127}\\5y=0,4-2,1x=-\dfrac{365}{127}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{198}{127}\\y=-\dfrac{73}{127}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x+2y=3\\3x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3x+6y=9\\3x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7y=8\\-x+2y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{8}{7}\\-x=3-2y=3-2\cdot\dfrac{8}{7}=\dfrac{5}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{5}{7}\\y=\dfrac{8}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{5}{7}\\y=\dfrac{8}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2\sqrt{3}\cdot y=1\\\sqrt{3}x+2y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{3}x+6y=\sqrt{3}\\2\sqrt{3}x+4y=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=\sqrt{3}+10\\\sqrt{3}x+2y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+10}{2}\\x\sqrt{3}+2\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+10}{2}=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+10}{2}\\x\sqrt{3}=-5-\sqrt{3}-10=-15-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1-5\sqrt{3}\\y=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+10}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1-5\sqrt{3}\\y=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+10}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Từ phương trình (2) ⇔ x = √2 - y√3 (3)
Thế (3) vào (1): ( √2 - y√3)√2 - y√3 = 1
⇔ √3y(√2 + 1) = 1 ⇔ y = =
Từ đó x = √2 - . √3 = 1.
Vậy có nghiệm (x; y) = (1; )
b)
Từ phương trình (2) ⇔ y = 1 - √10 - x√2 (3)
Thế (3) vào (1): x - 2√2(1 - √10 - x√2) = √5
⇔ 5x = 2√2 - 3√5 ⇔ x =
Từ đó y = 1 - √10 - . √2 =
Vậy hệ có nghiệm (x; y) = ;
c)
Từ phương trình (2) ⇔ x = 1 - (√2 + 1)y (3)
Thế (3) vào (1): (√2 - 1)[1 - (√2 + 1)y] - y = √2 ⇔ -2y = 1 ⇔ y = -
Từ đó x = 1 - (√2 + 1)(-) =
Vậy hệ có nghiệm (x; y) = (; -
)
Làm mẫu hai câu a, b thôi nha.
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-\sqrt{3}y=0\\\sqrt{3}x+2y=1+\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{3}y\\\sqrt{3}.\sqrt{3}y+2y=1+\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{3}y\\5y=1+\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+3}{5}\\y=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,95\\y\approx0,55\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-\sqrt{5}y=1\\x+\sqrt{5}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}y\right)-\sqrt{5}y=1\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2-\sqrt{5}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)y=1\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{5}}\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y\approx0,19\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)