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Bài 3:
(1) \(N_2+3H_2⇌2NH_3\)
(2) \(NH_3+HNO_3\rightarrow NH_4NO_3\)
(3) \(NH_4NO_3+KOH\rightarrow KNO_3+NH_3+H_2O\)
(4) \(N_2+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^ocao}2NO\)
(5) \(NO+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\rightarrow NO_2\)
(6) \(4NO_2+O_2+2H_2O\rightarrow4HNO_3\)
(7) \(4HNO_{3\left(đ\right)}+Cu\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NO_2+2H_2O\)
(8) \(HNO_3+NH_3\rightarrow NH_4NO_3\)
Bài 1 :
\(CT:C_nH_{2n-6}\left(n\ge6\right)\)
\(\%C=\dfrac{12n}{14n-6}\cdot100\%=90.57\%\)
\(\Rightarrow n=8\)
\(CT:C_8H_{10}\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17.6}{44}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(CT:C_nH_{2n+1}OH\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ancol}=\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n}=\dfrac{0.4}{n}\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_A=\dfrac{7.4}{\dfrac{0.4}{n}}=\dfrac{37}{2}n\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow14n+18=\dfrac{37}{2}n\)
\(\Rightarrow n=4\)
\(CT:C_4H_9OH\)
\(CTCT:\)
\(B1:\)
\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH:butan-1-ol\)
\(B2:\)
\(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(CH_3\right)-OH:butan-2-ol\)
\(B2:\)
\(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2-OH:2-metylpropan-1-ol\)
\(B3:\)
\(C\left(CH_3\right)_3-OH:2-metylpropan-2-ol\)
a) \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Có \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\) => Tạo ra muối CO32-
PTHH: 2NaOH + CO2 --> Na2CO3 + H2O
________0,4--->0,2-------->0,2
=> mNa2CO3 = 0,2.106 = 21,2 (g)
b) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
nCa(OH)2 = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 (mol)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3\(\downarrow\) + H2O
_______0,04--->0,04------->0,04
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O --> Ca(HCO3)2
_0,01<---0,01-------------->0,01
=> mCaCO3 = (0,04-0,01).100 = 3(g)
=> mCa(HCO3)2 = 0,01.162 = 1,62 (g)
c) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,4}{44}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
nKOH = 0,15.1 = 0,15 (mol)
PTHH: 2KOH + CO2 --> K2CO3 + H2O
______0,15-->0,075---->0,075
K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O --> 2KHCO3
0,025<-0,025------------->0,05
=> mK2CO3 = (0,075-0,025).138 = 6,9 (g)
=> mKHCO3 = 0,05.100 = 5(g)
9. NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
=> PT ion : \(HCO_3^-+H^+\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O\)
10. NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
=> PT ion : \(HCO_3^-+OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)
11. NH4Cl + NaOH → NH3 + H2O + NaCl
=> PT ion :\(NH_4^++OH^-\rightarrow NH_3+H_2O\)
12. Na2SO4 + FeCl3 -----//---->
\(m_{H_2O}=1,62\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,09\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=0,18\left(mol\right);m_H=0,18.1=0,18\left(g\right)\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,64}{44}=0,06\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,06\left(mol\right);m_C=0,06.12=0,72\left(g\right)\\ Vây:m_C+m_H=0,72+0,18=0,9< 1,38\\ \Rightarrow X.có.chứa.O\\ m_O=1,38-0,9=0,48\left(g\right);n_O=\dfrac{0,48}{16}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt.X:C_aH_bO_c\left(a,b,c:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:a:b:c=0,06:0,18:0,03=2:6:1\\ \Rightarrow CTĐG:C_2H_6O\\ M_X=23.2=46\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)=M_{C_2H_6O}\\ \Rightarrow X:C_2H_6O\)