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Bài 2:
a: \(A=11+\dfrac{3}{13}-2-\dfrac{4}{7}-5-\dfrac{3}{13}\)
\(=4-\dfrac{4}{7}=\dfrac{24}{7}\)
b: \(B=6+\dfrac{4}{9}+3+\dfrac{7}{11}-4-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(=5+\dfrac{7}{11}=\dfrac{62}{11}\)
c: \(C=\dfrac{-5}{7}\left(\dfrac{2}{11}+\dfrac{9}{11}\right)+1+\dfrac{5}{7}=1\)
d: \(D=\dfrac{7}{10}\cdot\dfrac{8}{3}\cdot20\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{5}{28}\)
\(=\dfrac{20}{10}\cdot7\cdot\dfrac{8}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{5}{28}=2\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
a: \(=\left(\dfrac{-48}{12}+\dfrac{-8}{12}+\dfrac{21}{12}\right)\cdot\dfrac{-12}{13}\)
\(=\dfrac{-35}{12}\cdot\dfrac{-12}{13}=\dfrac{35}{13}\)
b: \(=\dfrac{-3}{6}+\dfrac{5}{6}-\dfrac{312}{100}+\dfrac{51}{10}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{312}{100}+\dfrac{51}{10}=\dfrac{347}{150}\)
c: \(=\left(\dfrac{48}{300}+\dfrac{175}{300}-\dfrac{135}{100}\right)\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{88}{300}\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{59}{60}\)
a: =31/9+31/6=155/18
b: =113/14-45/7=23/7
c: =7-3-6/7=4-6/7=24/7
a) \(\dfrac{5+x}{4-x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(5+x\right)=4-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(5+x\right)-\left(4-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10+2x-4+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6+3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy x=-2
b) \(\dfrac{25}{14}=\dfrac{x+7}{x-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25\left(x-4\right)=14\left(x+7\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25\left(x-4\right)-14\left(x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25x-100-14x-98=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow11x-198=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow11x=198\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=18\)
Vậy x=18
c) \(\dfrac{3x-5}{x+4}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(3x-5\right)=5\left(x+4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(3x-5\right)-5\left(x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x-10-5x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-30=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=30\)
Vậy x=30
d) \(\dfrac{3x-1}{2x+1}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\left(3x-1\right)=3\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\left(3x-1\right)-3\left(2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow21x-7-6x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15x=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{10}{15}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{0,4-\dfrac{2}{9}+\dfrac{2}{11}}{1,4-\dfrac{7}{9}+\dfrac{7}{11}}-\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-0,25+\dfrac{1}{5}}{1\dfrac{1}{6}-0,875+0,7}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(0,2-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{11}\right)}{7\left(0,2-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{11}\right)}-\dfrac{2\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-0,125+0,1\right)}{7\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-0,125+0,1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{7}\\ =0\)
-\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)- -5+\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)-\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)-3-\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)+\(\dfrac{4}{3}\)
=-\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)+5+\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)-\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)-3-\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)+\(\dfrac{4}{3}\)
=-(\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)+\(\dfrac{7}{4}\))+(5-3)+(\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)+\(\dfrac{4}{3}\))-\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
=-2+2+\(\dfrac{5}{3}\)-\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Câu a)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{9}{a+2b}\) (1)
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{9}{b+2c}\)(2)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\geq \frac{9}{c+2a}\) (3)
Lấy \((1)+2.(2)+3.(3)\) ta có:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{a}\geq 9\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{7}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{7}{c}\geq 9\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu b)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\geq \frac{(1+2)^2}{a+b}=\frac{9}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{3a}+\frac{4}{3b}\geq \frac{3}{a+b}(1)\)
\(\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{2c}\geq \frac{9}{3b+4c}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{3b}+\frac{2}{c}\geq \frac{18}{3b+4c}\) (2)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3a}\geq \frac{9}{c+6a}\) (3)
Từ (1); (2); (3) cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{18}{3b+4c}+\frac{9}{c+6a}\)
(đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{b}{2}=\frac{c}{3}\)
Câu c)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{b+c+a}{a}+\frac{2a+c}{b}+\frac{4(a+b)}{a+c}\geq 10\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c+a}{2a}+\frac{c+a}{2a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a+c}{2b}+\frac{a+c}{2b}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}\)
\(\geq 10\sqrt[10]{\frac{ba(c+a)^4(a+b)^4}{16a^3b^3(a+c)^4}}=10\sqrt[10]{\frac{(a+b)^4}{16a^2b^2}}\)
Theo AM-GM: \((a+b)^2\geq 4ab\Rightarrow (a+b)^4\geq 16a^2b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 10\sqrt[10]{\frac{(a+b)^4}{16a^2b^2}}\geq 10\)
Vậy (*) được cm. Ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c