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a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)$
$n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{40}{160} = 0,25(mol)$
$Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O$
$n_{Fe_2O_3} : 1 = 0,25 > n_{H_2} : 3 = 0,1$ nên $Fe_2O_3$ dư
$n_{Fe} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{Fe_2O_3\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{Fe_2O_3\ dư} = 0,25 - 0,1 = 0,15(mol)$
Suy ra :
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56 + 0,15.160}.100\% = 18,92\%$
a) nFe=0,4(mol); nH2SO4=0,5(mol)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
Ta có: 0,4/1 < 0,5/1
=> Fe hết, H2SO4 dư. tính theo nFe.
=> nH2= nH2SO4(p.ứ)=nFe=0,4(mol)
=>nH2SO4(dư)=0,5-0,4=0,1(mol)
=>H2SO4(dư)=0,1.98=9,8(g)
b) V(H2,dktc)=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{HCl}=2,5.0,2=0,5mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 < 0,5 ( mol )
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 ( mol )
Chất dư là HCl
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)
Phương trình hóa học của phản ứng:
So sánh tỉ lệ 
⇒ Fe dư
Theo PT nFe (pư) = nH2SO4 = 0,25 mol ⇒ nFe dư = 0,4 – 0,25 = 0,15 mol
mFe dư = 0,15. 56 = 8,4g.
Do khối lượng Fe dư nên tính thể tích khí H2 theo số mol H2SO4.
nH2 = nH2SO4 = 0,25 mol
Vkhí = 0,25 . 22,4 = 5,6l.
Bài 1/ \(2H_2\left(0,1\right)+O_2\left(0,05\right)\rightarrow2H_2O\left(0,1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}=0,05< \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{1}=0,1\) nên H2 phản ứng hết O2 dư.
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2/ \(Fe_2O_3\left(0,1\right)+3H_2\left(0,3\right)\rightarrow2Fe\left(0,2\right)+3H_2O\left(0,3\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{40}{160}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Fe_2O_3}}{1}=0,25>\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{3}=0,1\) nên H2 phản ứng hết Fe2O3 phản ứng dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15.160=24\left(g\right)\)
b/ Chất rắn thu được sau phản ứng bao gồm Fe và Fe2O3 ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=24\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{11,2}{11,2+24}.100\%=31,82\%\\\%Fe_2O_3=100\%-31,82\%=68,18\%\end{matrix}\right.\)